Principles of Organization Structure

Traditional organisation theorists developed certain principles of organization structure. These principles are intended for universal application to all enterprises. The most important of these principles of  organization structure  can be listed under the following heads:

1. Division of  Labor  or Specialization

The classicists viewed specialization as the basis of efficiency. A group of individuals can secure better results by having division of work. F.W. taylor applied by breaking down jobs into single repetitive tasks performed on specialized tools. At higher levels, however, grouping jobs into manageable units and their co-ordination can pose serious problems.

The principle of specializations has been challenged by the behaviorists and others.… Read the rest

Leadership Qualities – Top Qualities that Make a Great Leader

Leadership is a process of influencing the behavior of people at work towards the achievement of specified goal. The following elements must be present in the leadership:

  • It is the process of influence;
  • The influence is always for achievement of common goal;
  • There must be minimum two or more persons present; influencing your own behavior is not leadership.
  • The influence should be to get the willing co-operation of the employees and not the forceful co-operation.

Most Important  Leadership Qualities

A person must possess the following qualities to be a good and effective leader.

  1. Physical qualities. Good physical features attract people.
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Management Control Process

Controlling function of management can be defined as comparison of actual performance with the planned performance. If there is any difference or deviation then finding the reasons for such difference and taking corrective measures or action to stop those reasons so that future thee is match between actual and planned performance. The meaning of controlling makes it clear that controlling function is undertaken for right and timely implementation of plans.

Steps Involved in the Management Control Process

Management control process is the  continuous and ongoing dynamic  process of monitoring  performance and taking action to  ensure desired results.

1. Setting Up of (target) Standards

Standards mean target or the yardstick against which the actual performance is measured.… Read the rest

Control in Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)

There are various methods of classification of management control in Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). By levels of control here it is meant whether the parent / corporate level managers or subsidiary/country-level managers are involved. The former might be called higher level and the later lower level control. Depending on the sphere of focus we have two types of control called Strategic control and Operational control. In the MNE’s context, strategic control is the responsibility of parent and operational control is the preserve of the subsidiary.

Another way puts ‘management control, tactical control and transactional control’ as the 3 levels of control respectively carried out by the corporate top management, collectively by corporate & subsidiary management and subsidiary management in the case of MNEs.… Read the rest

The Control Function of Management

Control means, “Some sort of systematic effort to compare current performance to a predetermined plan of objective, presumably in order to take any remedial action required”. This is a very general definition of the term. However, as a management function, it has been defined as “the process by which managers assure that resources are obtained and used effectively and efficiently in the accomplishment of the organization’s goals”.

Controlling is tool for achieving organizational goals and activities. Control is management’s planning, implementation, evaluation, and correction of performance to ensure that the organization meets its objectives in the short, medium and long terms.… Read the rest

Employee Selection Process

There is no hard and fast rule regarding the steps involved in the process of selection. The number of selection steps depends upon many factors like the size of the organization, level of job, nature of job, philosophy of management, availability of time, number of applicants, etc. Some organizations follow a long chain of steps, eliminating unsuitable candidates at every step, finally left with the candidates who are to be employed on the other hand, some organizations select their employees just in one go through ‘Walk-in-interviews’.

Large organizations, usually consider the following steps in the employee selection process:

1. Application Blank

An application blank is a columnar Performa which constrains information like address, physical characteristics, educational qualifications, experience, necessary personal information, references, etc.… Read the rest