Capital Profit and Revenue Profit

Meaning Of Capital Profits

The amount of profit earned by the business from the sale of its assets, shares, and debentures is capital profit. If assets are sold at a price more than their book values then the excess of book value is capital profit. Similarly, if the shares and debentures are issued at a price more than their face value, then the excess of face value or premium is capital profit. Such profit is not earned in the ordinary course of the business. It is not available for the distribution to shareholders as dividend. Such profits are transferred to capital reserve.… Read the rest

Managing Ethics in Business Organizations

Earlier, it’s believed that ethics is a prerogative of individuals, but now this perception has immensely changed. Many companies use management techniques to encourage ethical behavior at an organizational level.

Business ethics (also corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business  environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations.  Business ethics can be thought of as written and unwritten codes of principles and values that govern decisions and actions within a company.Read the rest

Country Risk Analysis

Country Risk Analysis is the evaluation of possible risks and rewards from business experiences in a country. It is used to survey countries where the firm is engaged in international business, and avoids countries with excessive risk. With globalization, country risk analysis has become essential for the international creditors and investors.

Country risk analysis identifies imbalances that increase the risks in a cross-border investments.  Country risk analysis represents the potentially adverse impact of a country’s environment on the multinational corporation’s cash flows and is the probability of loss due to exposure to the political, economic, and social upheavals in a foreign country.

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The Circular Flow Model of the Economy

The circular flow model is used to represent the monetary transactions in an economy. It helps to show connections between different sectors of an economy. It shows flows of goods and services and factors of production between firms and households. The circular flow of income is a model that helps show the movement of income and spending throughout the economy. In the economy, households help provide firms with factors of production, e.g. labour. Organisations use these factors to provide goods and services to the household. The households will then spend their money on the goods and services provided by the firms.… Read the rest

Managerial Grid Model

The Ohio studies led to two dimensions of leadership behavior-concern for tasks and concern for relations. Almost in the same style, the Michigan University studies made the distinction between job-centered and production-centered leaders. Blake and Mouton rated these concepts in a framework called the Managerial Grid. They interpreted the concepts in a broad way. Blake and Mouton have used “Concern for Production” and “Concern for People'” in their Managerial Grid on horizontal and vertical axes respectively. Managers may be concerned for their people and they also must also have some concern for the work to be done. The question is, how much attention do they pay to one or the other?… Read the rest

Analysis of Competitive Position Using Porter’s Five Forces Model

Michael Porter’s Five-Forces Model of competitive analysis is a widely used approach for developing strategies in many industries as the intensity of competition among firms varies widely across industries. According to Porter, the nature of competitiveness in an industry can be viewed as a composite of five forces: rivalry among competing firms, potential entry of new competitors, potential development of substitute products, bargaining power of suppliers and bargaining power of consumers. There are 3 steps to use Porter’s Five Forces Model can reveal whether competition in a given industry is such that the firm can make an acceptable profit. Firstly, identify key aspects or elements of each competitive force that impact the firm.… Read the rest