Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix

An Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix is a strategy formulation tool that summarizes and evaluates the major strengths and weaknesses in the functional areas of a business, and it also provides a basis for identifying and evaluating relationships among those areas. Intuitive judgments are required in developing an IFE Matrix, so the appearance of a scientific approach should not be interpreted to mean this is an all €‘powerful technique. A thorough understanding of the factors included is more important than the actual numbers.

An  Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix can be developed in five steps:

  1. List key internal factors as identified in the internal €‘audit process. Use a total of from ten to twenty internal factors, including both strengths and weaknesses. List strengths first and then weaknesses. Be as specific as possible, using percentages, ratios, and comparative numbers.
  2. Assign a weight that ranges from 0.0 (not important) to 1.0 (all €‘important) to each factor. The weight assigned to a given factor indicates the relative importance of the factor to being successful in the firm’s industry. Regardless of whether a key factor is an internal strength or weakness, factors considered to have the greatest effect on organizational performance should be assigned the highest weights. The sum of all weights must equal 1.0.
  3. Assign a 1 to 4 rating to each factor to indicate whether that factor represents a major weakness (rating = 1), a minor weakness (rating = 2), a minor strength (rating = 3), or a major strength (rating = 4). Note that strengths must receive a 4 or 3 rating and weaknesses must receive a 1 or 2 rating. Ratings are thus company €‘based, whereas the weights in Step 2 are industry €‘based.
  4. Multiply each factor’s weight by its rating to determine a weighted score for each variable.
  5. Sum the weighted scores for each variable to determine the total weighted score for the organization.

Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix

Regardless of how many factors are included in an  Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix, the total weighted score can range from a low of 1.0 to a high of 4.0, with the average score being 2.5. Total weighted scores well below 2.5 characterize organizations that are weak internally, whereas scores significantly above 2.5 indicate a strong internal position. An IFE Matrix should include from 10 to 20 key factors. The number of factors has no effect upon the range of total weighted scores because the weights always sum to 1.0. When a key internal factor is both a strength and a weakness, the factor should be included twice in the IFE Matrix, and a weight and rating should be assigned to each statement.

The Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix  together with the External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix  is a strategy-formulation tool that can be utilized to evaluate how a company is performing in regards to identified internal strengths and weaknesses of a company.

The Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix  is very similar to the  External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix. The major difference between the IFE matrix and the EFE matrix is the type of factors that are included in the model. While the IFE matrix deals with internal factors, the EFE matrix is concerned solely with external factors.

Reference:  Strategic Management Concepts: A Competitive Advantage Approach  by  Fred R. David.

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