An attitude describes a person’s relatively consistent evaluations, feelings, and tendencies toward an object or an idea. Attitudes put people into a frame of mind for liking or disliking things and moving toward or away from them. For example, many people who have developed the attitude that eating healthy food is important perceive vegetables as a healthy alternative to meat and chicken. As a result, the per capita consumption of vegetables has increased during recent years, leading the meat and chicken producers to try to change consumer attitudes that chicken and meat are unhealthy. Companies can benefit by researching attitudes toward their products.… Read the rest
Consumer Behavior
Hierarchy of Effects Model
Another widely used model in marketing that attempts to explain consumer decision making process is called the Hierarchy of Effects Model. Originally conceived to explain how advertising affects consumer’s purchase decisions, the Hierarchy of Effects Model focuses on consumer learning that takes place as he/she processes information from the external world. Although different researchers developed slightly different models, the basic idea is the same: people experience a sequence of psychological stages before purchasing a product.
The origins of the Hierarchy of effects can be traced all the way back to 1898 and the hierarchy’s creator, a salesman named Elias St Elmo Lewis.… Read the rest
Factors Influencing the Consumer Decision Making Process
Each buying decision you make involves an elaborate mental thought process, a degree of active reasoning, though on the surface it may not always seem to be so. This may be because over a period of time you have taken certain buying decisions so many times that they now seem to be made almost automatically but that is not true at all. Even your daily decision of buying a loaf of bread involves the element of active reasoning as buying a new sofa set for your drawing room. However, in the former case, the extent and intensity of active reasoning may be much less as compared to the latter case.… Read the rest
Types of Consumer Buying Behavior
Consumers are becoming smarter day by day; it is not to fool them with any gimmick. Nowadays, consumer does his/her homework very well before making any purchase in the market. Even before buying a face wash a consumer go through a rigorous process of choosing the best among the many present in the market. Buying a face wash and buying a luxurious car is very different, therefore the perception involved and the information gathered by the consumer in purchasing a car is much more than buying a face wash.
Henry Assael distinguished four types of consumer buying behavior based on the degree of buyer involvement and the degree of differences among brands.… Read the rest
Consumer Decision Making Process
The five stages of the consumer decision making process include; Problem recognition, information search, information evaluation, purchase decision, and evaluation after purchase. This is just a general model of the consumer decision making process and it emphasizes that the buying decision making process starts before the actual purchase and continues even after the purchase. It also encourages the marketer to focus on the complete buying process and not just on the purchase decision.
1. Problem RecognitionConsumers recognize a problem as a need or want. Of course, the most frequent problem occurs when consumers realize they are out of the product.… Read the rest
Level of Involvement in Consumer Behavior
Consumer involvement is considered as an important variable that can help explain how consumers process the information and how this information might influence their purchase or consumption related behavior. However, there is wide agreement that the degree of involvement has a very significant effect on consumer behavior.
Herbert Krugman, a researcher is credited with his contribution to the concept of consumer involvement. According to him, consumers approach the marketplace and the corresponding product/service offerings with varying levels and intensity of interest and personal importance. This is referred to as consumer involvement.
Involvement variables are believed to precede involvement and influence its nature and extent.… Read the rest