SECURITIES CONTRACTS (REGULATION) ACT, 1956 The Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 [SC(R)A] was enacted to prevent undesirable transactions in securities by regulating the business of dealing therein and by providing for certain other matters connected therewith. This is the principal Act, which governs the trading of securities in India. The definitions of some of the important terms are given below: ‘Recognised Stock Exchange’ means a stock exchange, which is for the time being recognised by the Central Government under Section 4 of the SC(R)A. ‘Stock Exchange’ means — (a) any body of individuals, whether incorporated or not, constituted before corporatisation and demutualization under sections 4A and 4B, or (b) a body corporate incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956) whether under a scheme of corporatisation and demutualization or otherwise, for the purpose of assisting, regulating or controlling the business of buying, selling or dealing in securities. As per Continue reading
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Concepts and Process of Book Building
Book building is a method of price discovery. In this method, offer price of securities is determined on the basis of real demand for the shares at various price levels in the market. As defined by SEBI guidelines, 1995, “book building is a process undertaken by which a demand for the securities proposed to be issued by a body corporate is elicited and built up and the price for such securities is assessed for the determination of the quantum of such securities to be issued by means of a notice, circular, advertisement, document or information memoranda of offer document.” In book building method, the final issue price is not known in advance. Only a price band is determined and made public before opening of the bidding process. The spread of price between floor price and cap in the price band should not be more than 20%. It means that the Continue reading
Initial Public Offering (IPO) Process
A corporate may raise capital in the primary market by way of an initial public offer, rights issue or private placement. An Initial Public Offer (IPO) is the selling of securities to the public in the primary market. It is the largest source of funds with long or indefinite maturity for the company. Requirement of funds in order to finance the business activities motivates small entrepreneurs to approach the new issue market. Initial Public Offer (IPO) is a route for a company to raise capital from investors to meet the expenses for its projects and to get a global exposure by listed in the Stock Exchange. Company raising money through IPO is also called as company ‘going public’. From an investor’s point of view, IPO gives a chance to buy shares of a company, directly from the company at the price of their choice. Initial Public Offering (IPO) Process First Continue reading
Initial Public Offering (IPO)
A good capital market is an essential prerequisite for the industrial and commercial development of a country. Capital market is a central coordinating and directing mechanism for free and balanced flow of financial resources into the economic system operating in a country. It helps the companies who require capital to expand, modernize or diversify their business. To get the capital that is required by the company it usually goes for the issue of shares and the process of issuing of shares is done in the primary market. The primary market in the simplest terms can be defined as a market where the securities are sold in order to raise the funds or the capital required by the company. It is a market for new issues i.e. a market for fresh capital. It provides the channel for sale of new securities. The securities can be in many forms such as equity Continue reading
Terms commonly used with reference to capital market
There are several terms which are commonly used with reference to capital market. Several such terms have already been discussed in the previous articles. Understanding of following terms (given in alphabetical order) will help the readers in better grasping the structure and trading system in the capital market in India : Arbitrage: Arbitrage refers to taking advantage of price differential in a particular security on to different stock exchanges. An investor/speculator can sell at one stock exchange and buy the same at lower price at other stock exchange. The difference in prices is the profit of the investor/speculator. Categories of Shares at BSE: At the Mumbai Stock Exchange, the shares have been categorised in different categories such as A, B1, B2, S, T, TS and Z. Categories A , B1 and B2 depend upon the volume and turnover of different shares on the BSE. S group is called BSE Indonext, Continue reading
Margin trading at stock exchanges
Margin Trading (MT) is an arrangement whereby an investor purchases securities by borrowing a portion of the purchase value from the authorised broker by using securities in his portfolio as collateral. Since April 1, 2004, SEBI has allowed member brokers to provide margin trading facility to their client in the cash market. Only corporate brokers with net worth of at least Rs. 3 crores would be eligible to participate in Mragin Trading. The brokers interested to provide margin trading facility to their clients have to seek approval from the stock exchange. The broker may use his own funds or borrow from scheduled commercial banks/NBFC regulated by the RBI. The total exposure of a broker shall be within self imposed prudential limits and not exceeding 50% of networth. The margin arrangement has to be agreed upon between the broker and the client, subject to SEBI Guidelines, 2004. Initial and maintenance margin Continue reading