Importance of Work-Life Flexibility

Human Resource Management

Work Life Balance and Wellness in Organizations

Human Resource Management

What is Work Life Flexibility?

Modern Management Concepts

The Relevance of Stakeholder Management in International Business Context

International Business

Why Business Models Matter in Business?

Modern Management Concepts

Marine Insurance

Marine insurance is a contract of indemnity whereby the assurer or underwriter agrees, for a stated consideration, known as the premium, to protect and indemnify the shipper and/or owner of the goods against loss, damage, or expense in connection with the goods at risk, if the damage is caused by perils specified in the contract known as the policy of insurance. When the goods have left the shipper’s plant or warehouse and are in the course of transportation, shipper has no physical means for the protection of these goods and must rely upon the ability of the transportation company to which he entrusts them for safe delivery at their intended destination. In addition, there are perils and hazards which the goods may encounter and which are beyond control of the carrier. Hence the importance of marine insurance can well be appreciated. The carrier in export trade is not an insurer Continue reading

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Case Study: Competitive Advantage of Boeing

As an airplane manufacturer Boeing started its business in 1916. It was William Boeing and George Westervelt who bring this company in to existence. It was 1952 when Boeing launched its first short range jet plane with the name of Boeing 707. After that Boeing continued its journey and makes a number of joint ventures, mergers, acquisitions and many contracts with many Governments and suppliers and became one of the largest Aircraft Jetliner manufacturers in the world. As one of the largest exporter in USA Boeing has a wide range of products. Boeing manufactures and design commercial jetliners and military aircraft combined, rotor-craft, electronic and defense systems, missiles, satellites, launch vehicles and advanced information and communication systems and also is one of the major service providers to NASA in operating Space Shuttle and International Space Station. Boeing is divided its operations into two business units (1) Boeing Commercial Airplanes (2) Continue reading

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Quality Standards For Exports

In almost all the products, for which the pre-shipment inspection scheme has been introduced, great care has been taken to accept the buyer’s requirements, wherever known, as the basis of inspection. In many cases, where the buyer’s requirements are known through-an approved sample of, for example, footwear or handicrafts, inspection is carried out on the basis of the approved sample. However, for items involving safety, such as cables and conductors, only the national standards, either Indian or those of the importing country, have been adopted. In the case of commodities involving health hazard, such as fish and fishery products, statutory laws as applicable in the importing country for these products, are adhered to. This particular approach has been found to be extremely practical and has helped the exporters to maintain the quality of their products. For adopting or establishing technical specifications, detailed discussions are held with the trade and industry Continue reading

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Quality Control and Pre-shipment Inspection for Exports

In today’s sophisticated world market, a product can move with any measure of success only if it is competitive enough in price and quality. Our export can be sustained and improved only be raising the quality of our product as it would be very difficult to reduce the price in our present day high-cost economy, with a view to achieve this objective of raising the quality of our export products, the Government of India enacted the legislation entitled “The Export (Quality Control and Inspection) Act” in the year 1963, and the Export Inspection Council was also set up with effect from 1st January, 1964. The main function of the Export Inspection Council is to advise the government with regard to measures to be taken for quality control and pre-shipment inspection of exportable commodities. No Consignment of any notified commodity can be exported unless it is accompanied by a certificate issued Continue reading

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Export Pricing

Pricing for export is different than domestic pricing. Additional consideration needs to be given to the cost of modifying product or support materials for the foreign market, the logistics of getting the product to the foreign market, insuring the product, financing costs, transportation and other costs unique to exports such as long-distance communication costs and exchange rates. As pricing strategy is a key component of an export-marketing plan, the pricing structure has to be an integral part of the marketing objectives. These will vary depending on the target overseas markets. For example, a firm might regard the foreign market as a secondary market and consequently have lower expectations regarding market share and sales volume. Pricing decisions are naturally affected by such views. An exporter must thoroughly evaluate all the variables that have a bearing on the price for the product/service may not sell. On the other hand, too low a Continue reading

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Cost-Output Relationship

A proper understanding of the nature and behavior of costs is a must for regulation and control of cost of production. The cost of production depends on money forces and an understanding of the functional relationship of cost to various forces will help us to take various decisions. Output is an important factor, which influences the cost. The cost-output relationship plays an important role in determining the optimum level of production. Knowledge of the cost-output relation helps the manager in cost control, profit prediction, pricing, promotion etc. The relation between cost and its determinants is technically described as the cost function. C= f (S, O, P, T ….) Where; C= Cost (Unit or total cost) S= Size of plant/scale of production O= Output level P= Prices of inputs T= Technology Considering the period the cost function can be classified as (1) short-run cost function and (2) long-run cost function. In Continue reading

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