Becoming a Better You: A Guide to Self-Learning While Working Full-Time

General Business Articles

Concept of National Innovation Systems

International Business

Case Study: Henry Ford’s Contributions to Organizational Behavior and Leadership

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De Bono’s Six Thinking Hats: A Creative and Critical Thinking Model

Human Resource Management

What Is a Contact Center and Its Role in the Customer Journey?

General Business Articles

Business Analysis – Role of Business Analyst in Modern Organizations

What is Business Analysis?

Business Analysis can be defined as the regulation of classifying business needs and shaping results to the business problems. The solutions frequently consist of a system improvement factor, and may also include process development, directorial change or tactical scheduling and procedure development. Someone who brings out this job or task is known as a business analyst (BA). The Business Analyst who labor exclusively on increasing system software can be called Information Technology Business Analysts, Technical Business Analysts, Online Business or System Analysts.

Business analysis can also be defined as the position of assignment and techniques which are used to operate as a connection among stakeholders so as to understand the constitution, rules, and operations of a society and to suggest solutions that make possible the society to accomplish its aims.… Read the rest

Abey Francis

Interest Rate Swaps

The basic structure of an interest rate swap consists of the exchange between two counter-parties of fixed rate interest or floating rate interest in the same currency calculated by reference to a mutually agreed notional principal amount. This principal amount, which would normally equate to the underlying assets or liabilities being “swapped” by the counter-parties, is applicable solely for the calculation of the interest to be exchanged under the swap. At no time it is physically passed between the counter-parties. The counter-parties are able to convert an underlying fixed rate asset/ liability and vice-versa, through this straight forward swap structure. The majority of the interest rate swap transactions are driven by the cost savings to be obtained by each of the counter-parties.… Read the rest

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New Trade Theory of International Trade

New Trade Theory  of International Trade  takes a different approach from the Ricardian and the Heckscher-Ohlin models on why countries engage in international trade. Both Ricardo and Heckscher assumed constant returns to scale where to them if all factors of production are doubled then output will also double. But a firm or industry may have increasing returns to scale or economies of scale in way that when all factors of production are doubled, output more than doubles which will necessitate a bigger market and thus forcing firms to engage in international trade where there is a larger market. The New Trade Theorist noted that the bigger the size of a firm or industry the more the efficiency of its operations in that the the cost per unit of output falls as a firm or industry increases output.… Read the rest

Abey Francis

Introduction to International Trade Finance

Financing international trade is a complex process, involving many variables, ranging from corporate policy and marketing strategy to exchange risk and general borrowing conditions. The reason behind the complexity of financing international trade is that trade involves two countries with different currencies and jurisdictions. In addition, payments must be made at a distance and across time, so the exporter, the importer, or both need credit during part or all of the period form the initial manufacture of goods by the exporting firm to the time of the final sale and collection by the importer. The main objective of a good corporate export financing policy should be financing the greatest possible amount of sales with the greatest possible management simplicity and with minimal risk.… Read the rest

Abey Francis

Interest Rate Parity (IRP) Theory of Exchange Rate

When Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Theory applies to product markets,  Interest Rate Parity (IRP) condition applies to financial markets.  Interest Rate Parity (IRP) theory postulates that the forward rate differential in the exchange rate of two currencies would equal the interest rate differential between the two countries. Thus it holds that the forward premium or discount for one currency relative to another should be equal to the ratio of nominal interest rate on securities of equal risk (and duration) denominated in two currencies.

For example, where the interest rate in India and US are respectively 10% and 6% and the dollar-rupees spot exchange rate is Rs.42.50/US $.… Read the rest

Abey Francis

International Fisher Effect

According to the Relative Version of  Purchasing Power Parity Theory (PPP) one of the factors leading to change in exchange rate between currencies is inflation in the respective countries. As long as the inflation rate in the two countries remains equal, the exchange rate between the currencies would not be affected. When a difference or deviation arises in the inflation levels of the two countries, the exchange rate would be adjusted to reflect the inflation rate differential between the countries.

The International Fisher Effect (IFE) theory is an important concept in the fields of economics and finance that links interest rates, inflation and exchange rates.… Read the rest

Abey Francis
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