Tactics or Strategies Adopted in Collective Bargaining

The tactics or strategies to be adopted in any collective bargaining situation vary depending upon the culture of the organization and different environmental factors, particularly the type of union operating in an industrial establishment. But the following are some of the common strategies to make collective bargaining exercise more meaningful: The management has to anticipate the demands and also understand the main directions in which the demands are going to be placed. Generally speaking, negotiations are best done if both the parties do their home work well. The representatives must come to the bargaining table equipped with the necessary information and supportive data regarding the company’s economic status and prospects, the prevailing rates of pay and conditions of employment in comparable industries in the local areas. The management team should take into consideration the financial liability involved, the past agreements, and the impact of present negotiations in future years. It Continue reading

An Eclectic Currency Arrangement, 1973-Present

Since March 1973, exchange rates have become much more volatile and less predictable than they were during the fixed exchange rate period, when changes occurred infrequently. In general the dollar has been volatile and has weakened somewhat over the long run. On the other hand, the Japanese yen and German mark have strengthened. The emerging market currencies have been exceptionally volatile and have generally weakened. In the wake of the collapse of the Bretton Woods exchange rate system, the IMF appointed the Committee of Twenty which suggested various options for the exchange rate arrangement. These suggestions were approved at Jamaica during February 1976 and were formally incorporated into the text of the Second Amendment to the Articles of Agreement, which came into force from April 1978. The options were broadly: Floating-independent and managed Pegging of currency Crawling peg Target zone arrangement Others 1. Floating Rate System: In a floating rate Continue reading

Case study: Tata Motor’s Acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover

Tata Motors is the largest multi-holding automobile company in India and it is the fourth largest truck producer in the world. In addition, Tata Motors is also the second largest bus producer in the world, with the revenues of US$ 8.8 billion in the financial year 2008. Since its establishment in 1945, Tata Motors has grown significantly in the past 60years with the strategies of joint venture, acquisition and launched new products in different market segments (i.e. passenger cars, commercial vehicles and utility vehicles). A significant breakthrough for Tata was the development and commercialization of the truly Indian cars and they are Tata Indica (1998) and Tata Indigo (2002). Tata Motors has experienced many joint ventures with Daimler Benz, Cummis Engine Co. Inc., and Fiat. In the year 2008, there were two most significant events which have had a momentous impact on the scale of the Company’s operations and its Continue reading

HR Strategy Formulation: Organization Mission and Goals Analysis

Even similar organizations often pursue different goals; a thorough organizational analysis of the organization’s overall mission and goals is a second integral aspect of identifying human resource strategies. All organizations exist to accomplish something in their larger environments. The mission — the purpose of an organization’s existence — should guide its strategic thinking. For example, two similar electronics manufacturers may have varying missions. One may want to “be a successful organization in the entertainment business,” while the other may define its mission as “occupying a technological leadership position in the industry.” The associated strategies are likely to show significant differences. Apart from manufacturing electronic goods used for home entertainment, the former firm may acquire video and film production firms and get into the music industry (e.g., producing music DVD’s); while the second firm may be more committed to innovative electronic products through research and development. The associated human resource strategies Continue reading

Case Study: The Magic of Ford

In 1903, in a small wagon shop in Dearborn Michigan, a man by the name of Henry Ford started what is today the Ford Motor Company. It started it in 1896 when Henry Ford built his first car. It was only experimental at the time, but less than ten years later in 1908 he introduced a more updated version to the public. This became known as the Ford Model t. Once people realised what a wonderful novelty this was and how it would greatly facilitate their lives, there was a huge demand for them. In order for the company to be able to satisfy this heavy demand, ford introduced the world’s first assembly line for cars. It revolutionised the industry. By 1923 more than half of America’s vehicles were made by Ford. Today, the Ford Motor companies the number two company in its industry as well as the number two Continue reading

Advertising – Definition, Features, Objectives and Functions

Advertising is an important tool of promotion. Advertisement is a non-personal presentation of an idea or a product (where as personal selling or salesmanship help in personal promotional.) Advertisement supplements personal selling to a great extent. Advertising has, acquired great importance in the modern era characterized by tough competition in the market and fast changes in technology, and fashion and taste customers. Advertising is used for communicating business information to the present and prospective customers, often utilizing various mediums such as print, digital platforms, and advertising display screens. It usually provides information about the advertising firm, its product qualities, place of availability of its products, etc. Advertisement is indispensable for both the sellers and the buyers. However, it is more important for the sellers. In the modern age of large scale production, producers cannot think of pushing sale of their products without advertising them. What is Advertising? Advertising is the dissemination Continue reading