Motions and Resolutions

A ‘motion’ is a definite proposal put before a meeting for its consideration and adoption. A  ‘resolution’ on the other hand is the formal expression of the decision of a meeting. When a motion has  been duly voted upon and passed by a majority, with or without amendment, it is called a ‘resolution’. A  resolution once adopted and recorded in the minutes becomes the official decision of the meeting and  cannot be rescinded or revoked except by the consent of two-thirds majority in a meeting specially called  for the purpose. Kinds of Resolutions 1. Ordinary Resolution A resolution which is passed by a simple majority of votes cast by members present in person or  by proxy is called ‘ordinary resolution’. Simple majority means that the votes cast in  favor  of the  resolution must be at least one more than 50 per cent of the votes cast. An ordinary resolution must Continue reading

Employees’ Provident Funds Scheme, 1952

Introduction:- Every worker wants security & maintenance for old age. The provident Fund act-1952 deals with provident funds relating to only Govt., railways and local authorities. Therefore, it was considered desirable to introduce a private scheme for industrial workers. As a result, the provident fund act 1952 was passed which initially provided for payment of pension fund to employees in industries specified in schedule-1. Definitions: Employee Definition: “Employee” as defined in Section 2(f) of the Act means any person who is employed for wages in any kind of work, manual or otherwise, in or in connection with the work of an establishment, and who gets wages directly or indirectly from the employer and includes any person employed by or through a contractor in or in connection with the work of the establishment. Membership: All the employees (including casual, part time, Daily wage contract etc.) other then an excluded employee are Continue reading

Case Study: Ryanair Business Strategy Analysis

Ryanair is an Irish low cost airline headquartered in Dublin founded in 1985. It operates 181 aircrafts over 729 routes across Europe and North Africa from 31 bases. Ryanair has seen large success over the recent years due to its low-cost business model and has become the world’s largest airline in terms of international passenger numbers. Taking Porter’s generic business strategies into consideration, Ryanair operates a cost-leadership strategy to drive itself into achieving its mission of being the leading European low-cost carrier (LCC). Throughout this essay the business strategy of Ryanair will be analysed and the sustainability of their model evaluated. Ryanair’s objective is to firmly establish itself as Europe’s leading low-fares scheduled passenger airline through continued improvements and expanded offerings of its low-fares service. Considering their objectives and mission, Ryanair’s decision on their cost-leadership strategy was based on a few main factors which are discussed below. A major influence Continue reading

Characteristics of Project Phases

The completion and approval of one or more deliverables characterizes a project phase. A deliverable is a measurable, verifiable work product such as a specification, feasibility study report, detailed design document, or working prototype. Some deliverables can correspond to the project management process, whereas others are the end products or components of the end products for which the project was conceived. The deliverables, and hence the phases, are part of a generally sequential process designed to ensure proper control of the project and to attain the desired product or service, which is the objective of the project. In any specific project, for reasons of size, complexity, level of risk, and cash flow constraints, phases can be further subdivided into subphases. Each subphase is aligned with one or more specific deliverables for monitoring and control. The majority of these subphase deliverables are related to the primary phase deliverable, and the phases Continue reading

Spirituality and Management

In the recent past globalization has been a buzzword in most of the corporate houses. Looking dispassionately it is becoming imminent that globalization cannot be stopped in the world economy. This throws new challenges in managing the projects, people, production and market places. This need is pushing the leadership to adopt new approaches to utilize the time, human resources and the potential of the workforce. Many researchers in the field of Human Resources Development have found that spirituality is going to bring in such capabilities as the globalization process demands. Though spirituality in the life of human being is generations-old, it is being revisited with lot of conviction and confidence. We observe off and on that many successful leaders of the corporate ascribe the success of that organization to their people and not to themselves. The modern paradigm is characterized by rigid attitudes and beliefs about others and practices in Continue reading

Tips for Managing Stress

Stress management is the need of the hour. However hard we try to go beyond a stress situation, life seems to find new ways of stressing us out and plaguing us with anxiety attacks. Moreover, be it our anxiety, mind-body exhaustion or our erring attitudes, we tend to overlook causes of stress and the conditions triggered by those. In such unsettling moments we often forget that stressors, if not escapable, are fairly manageable and treatable. Stress, either quick or constant, can induce risky body-mind disorders. Immediate disorders such as dizzy spells, anxiety attacks, tension, sleeplessness, nervousness and muscle cramps can all result in chronic health problems. They may also affect our immune, cardiovascular and nervous systems and lead individuals to habitual addictions, which are inter-linked with stress. Like “stress reactions”, “relaxation responses” and stress management techniques are some of the body’s important built-in response systems. As a relaxation response the Continue reading