Participative Management – Workers Participation in Management

Human Resource Management

Case Study on Entrepreneurship: Larry Page

Business Analysis

The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

How to Meet Costa Rica’s 2026 VASP Requirements Without Expanding Headcount

General Business Articles

Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Workforce

The term “Artificial Intelligence” (AI) was first coined by American computer scientist, John McCarthy, in 1955 as a way to describe the science and engineering of making intelligent machines. This concept was based on the conjecture that every aspect of learning or any feature of intelligence in principle can be simulated by a machine as the ultimate effort to reach human-level intelligence. While, the more modern-day definition of this phenomenal change in technology focuses on Artificial Intelligence (AI) being a sub-field of computer science that has the ability to imitate human intelligence such as visual perception, decision-making, speech recognition and the translation between languages. Consequently, these transformations in technology opened up new opportunities for individuals, society and the economy as it provides unprecedented options for a prosperous future. However, despite AI’s intrinsic benefits, the pervasive force is largely attributed to the poor performance of labour markets across advanced economies as Continue reading

Abey Francis

Conflicts Between Multinational Corporations and Host Countries

Although the Multinational Corporations (MNCs) has no power over the host government, if may have  considerable power under that government. By being able to influence certain  factors, the MNC has the opportunity to help or harm national economics; in this  sense, it may be said to have power against host governments. Critics of the  MNC perceive these powers as potential perils to host societies.  The strategic aspects of a host country’s national policy that are subject to the  influence of the MNC include: 1. Planning and Direction of Industrial Growth Host nations have viewed with concern the tendencies of many MNCs to  centralize strategic decisions in their headquarters. For the host governments this  signifies loss of control over industrial strategy to the foreign-based MNC. The  MNCs allegiances are geocentric; their overall objectives are growth and profits  globally rather than in the host economy. These objectives require efficiency in  the functional Continue reading

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Abey Francis

How Financial Markets Helps Savers and Borrowers?

What are financial markets and why it is important for savers and borrowers? A financial market is a system that includes individuals and institutions, and procedures that together borrowers and savers and it is no matter where is the location between the savers and borrowers. The main role of the financial market is to facilitate the funds from the individuals and businesses that have the majority fund to individuals, businesses, and governments to fulfill their needs of income. The financial institution is a process used by an organization that provides various types of financial services to their customers. The government authorities have controlled and supervised the institution according to the rules and regulations. The financial institution is giving different types of economic ideas for an organization to carry out their business. A financial institution is an establishment that gives financial services. Financial institutions based on banks, credit unions, asset management Continue reading

Abey Francis

Letter of Credit – Definition, Types and Process

Letter of Credit is one of the most popular and more secured of method of payment in recent times as compared to other methods of payment. A Letter of Credit refers to the documents representing the goods and not the goods themselves. Banks are not in the business of examining the goods on behalf of the customers. Typical documents, which are required includes commercial invoice, transport document such as Bill of lading or Airway bill, an insurance documents etc. L/C deals in documents and not goods. Definition of  Letter of Credit A Letter of Credit can be defined as “an undertaking by importer’s bank stating that payment will be made to the exporter if the required documents are presented to the bank within the validity of the L/C”. A commercial letter of credit is a contractual agreement between a bank (issuing bank), on behalf of one of its customers (buyer), Continue reading

Abey Francis

What is National Income?

National income is the final outcome of total economic activities of a nation. Economic activities generate two kinds of flow in a modern economy namely, product-flow and money-flow. Product-flow refers to flow of goods and services from producers to final consumers. Money flow refers to flow of money in exchange of goods and services. In this exchange of goods and services, money income is generated in the form of wages, rent, interest and profits, which is known as factor earning. Based on these two kinds of flows, national income is defined in terms of: Product flow Money flow National Income in Terms of Product Flow National income is the sum of money value of goods and services generated from total economic activities of a nation. Economic activities result into production of goods and services and make net addition to the national stock of capital. These together constitute the national income Continue reading

Abey Francis

Radical Innovation vs Incremental Innovation

Innovation undoubtedly became the “engine” of the progress, competitive ability and economic growth. Innovation regards as a “life-and-death matter for a firm”. However, paradox is that still some difficulties remain in understanding what exactly the innovation is and how important it is in nowadays world. Despite the fact that there are many definitions of processes of innovation, generally all innovations contain three underlying elements: newness, improvement and the overcoming of uncertainty. Newness is probably one of the most important parts of innovation, although such newness could be understood as something novel to the form or industry as a whole. Improvement is related to the fact that firms need to find the superior quality to those products which currently exist in the market. Overcoming uncertainty means that such improvement is determined by the market and that market need have to be clarified. In addition, it is essential to remember that all Continue reading

Abey Francis