An Overview of Computer Operating Systems (OS)

Many people use computers without knowing how it works. The main software when using the computer is the operating system. The operating system defines all the experience when using a computer; it manages the hardware and software resources of the computer system, provides a way for applications to deal with the hardware without having to know all the details of the hardware, and it is the software that makes all the programs we use work, and it organizes and controls the hardware on our computers. The operating system is the first software we see when we turn on the computer, and the last software we see when the computer is turned off. It’s important to know and understand that not all computers have operating systems. For example the computer that controls the microwave oven in your kitchen doesn’t need an operating system, it has only simple tasks to perform, very Continue reading

Important Functions of Development Banks

Development banks have been started with the motive of increasing the pace of industrialization. The traditional financial institutions could not take up this challenge because of their limitations. In order to help all round industrialization development banks were made multipurpose institutions. Besides financing they were assigned promotional work also. Some important functions of these institutions are discussed as follows: 1. Financial Gap Fillers Development banks do not provide medium-term and long-term loans only but they help industrial enterprises in many other ways too. These banks subscribe to the bonds and debentures of the companies, underwrite to their shares and debentures and, guarantee the loans raised from foreign and domestic sources. They also help undertakings to acquire machinery from with in and outside the country. 2. Undertake Entrepreneurial Role Developing countries lack entrepreneurs who can take up the job of setting up new projects. It may be due to lack of Continue reading

Marketing Mix – 4 P’s of Marketing Mix

Concept of Marketing Mix Marketing mix is one of the major concepts in modern marketing. It is the combination of various elements which constitutes the company’s marketing system. It is the set of controllable marketing variables that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market. Though there are many basic marketing variables, four factors are most important, called the four P’s of Marketing Mix: Product, Price, Place and Promotion.  However, in recent times, the ‘four P’s’ have been expanded to the ‘seven P’s’ with the addition of process, physical evidence and people. The “Four P’s”, which are still regarded by many theorists as the main ingredients in the Marketing Mix, were introduced by McCarthy. Dividing the multitude of marketing variables or mix into four distinct categories makes it much easier to formulate a marketing strategy. The four categories are (1) product, (2) place, (3) price, Continue reading

Concepts of Compensation and Compensation Management

Concept of Compensation The literal meaning of compensation is to counter-balance. In the case of  human resource management, compensation is referred to as money and other  benefits received by an employee for providing services to his employer. Money  and benefits received may be in different forms-base compensation in money  form and various benefits, which may be associated with employee’s service to  the employer like provident fund, gratuity, insurance scheme and any other  payment which the employee receives or benefits he enjoys in lieu of such  payment. Cascio has defined compensation as follows: “Compensation includes direct cash payments, indirect payments in the  form of employee benefits and incentives to motivate employees to strive  for higher levels of productivity” Based on above description of compensation, we may identify its various  components as follows: Wage and Salary: Wage and salary are the most important component of  compensation and these are essential irrespective of Continue reading

How Does International Business Differ From Domestic Business?

It is almost commonplace today to find businesses venturing into international markets. Thanks to advancements in communication and information technology, this trend will most certainly persist for the predictable future. The most domestic organization’s when considering expansion will usually look outside their geographical location. This usually means looking at opportunities in international markets. It is believed that managing and running a domestic business is less complex than undertaking international business for a number of reasons. Nation-states typically have unique laws governing trade and investment, variations in business ethics and culture, different political systems, monetary policies, currencies, and so on. And these are all possible factors that could make international business more complicated and therefore, riskier than doing business at home. In discussing the differences between international business and domestic business, it will make sense to discuss issues involved in doing business internationally that will not otherwise be present or prove Continue reading

Event Management – A Modern Strategic Marketing Tool

Event marketing is a promotional strategy linking a firm to an event, sponsorship of a sports competition, festival, etc. It is an attempt to coordinate communications around a self-created or sponsored event. The event is an activity that gathers the target group in time in a room, a meeting where a message is communicated and a happening is created. Thus, we can say that event marketing plays a major role in the promotional strategy of firms. With the ever rising promotional costs associated with the traditional channels of corporate communications, with customers’ attention being diverted by many channels and modes of communication, the rising importance of experiential marketing and the ability of events to have a better face-to-face interaction with the target group of customers are promoting many firms to increasingly depend on event marketing for better results. Events like tradeshows, exhibitions, executive meets, road-shows, corporate-customer meets, dealer meets, etc., Continue reading