Introduction to Services

A service is the non-ownership equivalent of a good. Service provision has been defined as an  economic activity that does not result in ownership and is claimed to be a process that creates benefits  by facilitating either a change in customers, a change in their physical possessions, or a change in their  intangible assets.  By composing and orchestrating the appropriate level of resources, skill, ingenuity and experience for  effecting specific benefits for service consumers, service providers participate in an economy without  the restrictions of carrying stock (inventory) or the need to concern themselves with bulky raw  materials. On the other hand, their investment in expertise does require consistent service marketing  and upgrading in the face of competition which has equally few physical restrictions. Many so-called  services, however, require large physical structures and equipment, and consume large amounts of  resources, such as transportation services and the military. Service Characteristics A service Continue reading

Advantages and Disadvantages of Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards In accounting, for every basis, identification and measurement of the elements of financial statement and the impact of the circumstances and financial status and work results should be defined in a form of standards. These standards are like the rules for accounting in any country. That is why they denote what should be mentioned in any company’s accounts. Moreover, they guarantee that certain cases, approaches and requirements are taken into account normally. In addition, they help people who are interested in investment to make decisions by ensuring that they get appropriate information needed. This is the idea behind accounting standards. When we talk about accounting standards, the main thing that comes under them is the accounting report. According to the  International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC), accounting reports are documents filled out by brokers that give details and facts about a new client’s financial circumstances and investment objectives. The Continue reading

Measures of Selective Credit Control for Banking

Qualitative or selective credit control policy  refers to the set of policies implemented by the central bank in order to channelize the available credit in-the desired direction. For example, suppose in India the agricultural and small scale industry sectors are to be encouraged, then the RBI may direct the commercial banks to be more liberal in lending to these sectors and be strict while lending to other sectors. This will help the economy to provide ample opportunities for the priority sectors to grow. In other words, in every country the government determines in advance the priorities and to ensure that the banks conform to the priorities in their lending policies, the selective credit control policies are implemented. Hence, while the quantitative credit control policies aim at controlling the volume of credit created, and the money supply in the economy, the qualitative credit control policies help in using the available funds Continue reading

Ethical issues in Accounting and Finance

  Ethics (maintaining true and fair statements) is a key part of financial reporting. For shareholders to trust a company with money, they must feel confident in the company’s financial reporting. Financial reporting presents all data relating to the entity’s current, historical and projected health meaning investors and shareholders rely upon the available financial data for making informed and educated decisions. To help entities comply with business regulations and maintain financial reporting, shareholders can trust the existing organizations designed to watchdog different aspects of the accounting world. Primary among the organizations are the Securities and Exchange Committee (SEC), Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). These three bodies together ensure financial reporting is fair, reliable, and available to all investors. The specific importance of ethics in business and in financial reporting is to inspire and ensure public and investor confidence in companies. Without a strong Continue reading

Concept of Secret Reserve

A reserve which maintained to strengthen the financial position of the business without disclosing it in the book is known as secret reserve. Secret reserve is hidden reserve which is not disclosed by the balance sheet. Secret reserve is also known as internal reserve. It is created by showing the figure of net profit less than actual. Its existence makes the financial position of the business better than what the balance sheet is disclosing. Generally, it is maintained by bank, Insurance and other financial institutions. A secret reserve is created in any of the following ways: High Value Of Goodwill:  In the balance sheet if value of good will is shown nominal or how but infact its value is high reserve may be created. Shown More Bad Debts: If management has made excessive provisions for bad debts. Infact these are less than the reserves allocated. So keeping in view the Continue reading

Henry Mintzberg’s 10 Schools of Strategic Thought

Strategic management has become well established in all the sectors of the economies especially in the large organizations. Every business has some specific purposes a reasonable of a business is to create customers and to build a profit generating market. A customer is the foundation of the business. Survival ability is a kind of competence function of the management and nature of the business, nature of ownership, and the financial strength of the enterprises are interested. A stable enterprise always struggles to minimize the managerial tensions of the business. It is the strategy of assistance in an external environment. Ohmae’s definition of strategic management is quite different. He drew three groups of strategic management which are customer, Corporation and competitors. The generator also described the importance of theme by moving from abstract idea of strategy to the concrete strategic planning of its implementation. There are different ideas and arguments among Continue reading