Participative Management – Workers Participation in Management

Human Resource Management

Case Study on Entrepreneurship: Larry Page

Business Analysis

The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

How to Meet Costa Rica’s 2026 VASP Requirements Without Expanding Headcount

General Business Articles

Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Six Elements of Organizational Structure

An organizational structure is a diagram displaying the hierarchical arrangement of lines of authority, roles and duties within an organisation and how they relate to one another. A structure is dependent upon the objectives and strategy of which the organization is focussed on. There are six basic elements of an organizational structure: Specialisation Departmentalisation Chain of Command Span of control Centralisation and Decentralisation Formalisation Work specialization gives employees specific duties and roles they are expected to perform within the company, factoring in their qualifications and skills. Having descriptions of duties for staff members helps the organisation to fully meet the workforce needs and to ensure there are no unnecessary duplications within roles. Departmentalization refers to how the organisation breaks down the functions and teams needed to run the company and carry out the essential tasks. Departments are usually made up of staff members who perform similar tasks in the same Continue reading

Abey Francis

Role and Importance of Advertising

Advertising is part of Marketing. In order to stimulate customer response always the advertisement is a good opportunity for the company to promote. The more people see the product/service, the more they feel like buying it. So many companies rely on advertising these days to boost sales of their products or services, to build a connection with their audience and to create competition with their rival firms. There are different types to gain customer’s awareness like advertising, and promotion, Also there are different places that advertisements can be positioned, using the metro, trams, buses, restaurants and so on The advertising objectives should support main company’s goal and should be discussed with company-client in order to avoid misunderstanding. The advertising roles are based on company’s marketing strategy, like; Increase sales, Increase brand awareness and Supporting other market efforts. Advertising gives companies and businesses the opportunity to build up a brand and Continue reading

Abey Francis

Growth of Development Banks

Although development banks attracted great attention after World War II but there one insurances or such institutions even much earlier, First development bank was found in Belgium in 1822. The purpose of financing and promoting industry. It was a joint stock bank which nursed funds through the sale of shares and bonds in order to finance; commercial and industrial enterprises. This new technique of banking got impetus only in 1852 when ‘Credit Mobilize of France’ was set up. It mobilized resources through the sale of bonds and promissory notes and made long-term investments particularly in public utility undertakings, railways, insurance companies and banks. It set a model for similar investment banks established in Germany, Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, Spain and Switzerland. Throughout the 19th century, the Credit Mobilize provided a great appeal to all countries which wanted to develop industries on a fast pace. In 1902, Industrial Bank of Japan Continue reading

Abey Francis

The Lessons from Enron: The Importance of Proper Internal Controls

The events were finally resulting the filing for bankruptcy in December 2001, started way much before fraud at Enron could be even suspected.  Andersen played a major role in the collapse of Enron.  Andersen failed two times regarding audit issues just a few years short time before the collapse of Enron, at Waste Management in 1996 and at Sunbeam in 1997. The two audit failures mentioned above should have been huge warning signs for Andersen to protect itself against another client failure but what they had to face regarding Enron was worse than they ever had.  Some internal memos at Andersen made it clear that several conflicts existed between the auditors and the audit committee of Enron.   These memos contained several e-mails as well which expressed concerns about accounting practices used by Enron.  David B. Duncan as the leading partner on the audit tipped over these concern. There is Continue reading

Abey Francis

Significance of Blue Ocean Strategy in Current Business Scenario

Blue ocean strategy makes companies to come out of ocean of bloody competition by creating market space which is uncontested and that makes the completion irrelevant. Since, dividing up existing demand and benchmarking the competitors, Blue Ocean strategy is regarding grow demand and break away from the competition. The business universe can be thought as a composition of two kinds of oceans the first is the red ocean and second one is the blue ocean. Red ocean includes all the industries which exist today and it is about the known market space. But on the other side Blue Ocean can be considered as industries which are not in existing today and it is called unknown market space. The industries boundaries are defined and well accepted in the red oceans. In the red oceans the rules of competitive games are well defined. The companies try to take away the greater share Continue reading

Abey Francis

Sources of Stress

Stress is a reality of our everyday life. There are both distresses and distresses that come from our work and non work lives. It was pointed that the work and non work domains of one’s life are closely interrelated. Thus, if one experiences much distress at work, that stress will be carried over to the home, which will increase the sense of awareness of even small distresses experienced in a family sphere. Likewise, stresses experienced at home or with friends or from other non work situations can be carried over to the work place which might heighten and multiply the stresses experienced at work. Thus, we can say that stresses generate from four sources : Extra-organisational stressors Organisational stressors Group stressors Individual stressors. The following figure summarizes the sources of stress. A. Extra Organisational Stressors Job stress is not limited to things that happen inside the organisation, during the working Continue reading

Abey Francis