Organization Structure to Control Systems Design

A major factor differentiates the automatic control system from the management control system, is the exercise of control by human beings in the latter case. In automatic control systems, the human element is missing. It is for this reason that an understanding of organization behavior is important for the proper perception of management control systems and processes. Further, as the major focus of the control system is on the performance evaluation of the organizational sub-units, the control system designer should also have an undemanding of the organization structure. Structure refers to the way the enterprise’s organized so as to enable the total task of the organization to be performed in an efficient and effective way. The organizational structure is essentially the arrangement of its sub-systems with authority and responsibility relations. Thus, it refers to whether the organization is centralized or decentralized or whether it emphasizes line or staff or how Continue reading

Understanding Cross-Cultural Communication in International Business

Cross-cultural communication exists when people from differing cultures have reached a certain degree of understanding regarding their differences. For understanding to take place, both people must have some form of knowledge or awareness regarding the norms or customs that exist in each other’s culture. Verbal and nonverbal communications can contain implied meanings, as well as certain degrees of symbolism. For successful communication to take place, background knowledge concerning values, norms and perceptions is necessary in order for clear, effective communication to take place. The key to effective cross-cultural communication is knowledge. It is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication, and make a conscious effort to overcome these problems and important to assume that one’s efforts will not always be successful, and adjust one’s behavior appropriately. For example, one should always assume that there is a significant possibility that cultural differences are causing communication problems, and be Continue reading

Measurement Scales in Research Methodology

Certain research data are qualitative in nature. Data on attitude, opinion or behavior of employees, customers, and sales persons etc., are qualitative. The terms “attitude” and “opinion” have frequently been differentiated in psychological and sociological investigations. A commonly drawn distinction has been to view an attitude as a predisposition to act in a certain way and an opinion as a verbalization of the attitude. Thus, a statement by a respondent that he prefers viewing color to black-and-white television programs would be an opinion expressing one aspect of the respondent’s attitude toward color television. Motivation, commitment, satisfaction, leadership effectiveness, etc involve attitude measurement based on revealed opinions. These qualitative data require measurement scales for being measured. Types of Measurement Scales used in Research There are four different scales of measurement used in research; nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. The rules used to assign numerals objects define the kind of scale and Continue reading

Case Study: The Strategic Alliance Between Renault and Nissan

Renault and Nissan are two major automobile brands working independently as well as are in a 19-year old alliance where Renault holds 43.4 percent stake in Nissan and Nissan owns 15 per cent in Renault.   The Renault-Nissan Alliance  is the first of its kind involving Japanese and a French company. Renault was identified for modern design and Nissan for the excellence of its engineering. The two companies had just decided to a most important strategic alliance in which Renault would take for granted $5.4 billion of Nissan’s Debt in return for a 36.6% equity share in the Japanese company. Before the alliance it was concluded that the combined company would be the world’s largest car-maker. In the case of Renault-Nissan, it is preferable to have an alliance than merger for many reasons. Alliances would facilitate more than mergers the entrance for companies to new geographical phases where there are Continue reading

Differences Between Value Chain Analysis and Traditional Management Accounting

The Limitations of Traditional Management Accounting There exist five major limitation for traditional management accounting. The first one is the traditional management accounting may treat the firm as a single part. It only provided information for a single enterprise management decision and control, ignoring the external environment and other relevant information also can reflect the firm’s position in the market. Second, the traditional management accounting limited to the collection and analysis of internal financial information, the information break away from the requirements of corporate strategic management and weakened the role of management accounting. Third, the concept of traditional management accounting just focus on solving the relevant and individual internal issues. It can not form a sound management system with the market and long-term interests, so that the composition of the budget system just only concentrate on the enterprise’s internal planning and operations. The forth is the traditional management accounting adopted Continue reading

Business Model Canvas – Business Model Generation

Business Model Canvas is the most popular tool for entrepreneurs  to create their business models.  The Business Model Canvas is an analytical tool outlined in the book  Business Model Generation  by Alex Osterwalder. It is a visual template preformatted with the nine blocks of a business model, which allows you to develop and sketch out new or existing business models.    It’s an amazing and powerful too and instantly creates a shared visual language while defining a business. A business model describes the rationale of how an organization  creates, delivers and captures value.  Using the Business Model Canvas, the business model is defined across 9 key areas. With a central focus on the value proposition facilitated groups are able to quickly capture (i) how the business will actually create the products, (ii) how customers will access the products, and (iii) how the business will monetize the transactions.  The nine building Continue reading