Stock Market Index

The general movement of the stock market is usually measured by averages or indices consisting of groups of securities that are supposed to represent the entire stock market or its particular segments. Thus, Security Market Indices (or) Security Market Indicators provide a summary measure of the behavior of security prices and the stock market. The principal stock market indices used in India are the Bombay Stock Exchange Sensitive Index (BSE Sensex) and the S&P CNX Nifty known as the NSE Nifty (National Stock Exchange Fifty). Purpose of an Index The security market indices are indicators of different things and are useful for different purposes. The following are the important uses of a stock market index: Security market indices are the basic tools to help and analyze the movements of prices of various stocks listed on stock exchanges and are useful indicators of a country’s economic health. The return on the Continue reading

Concept of Global Human Resource Management

Concept of Global Human Resource Management Human Resource Management (HRM) is the process of acquiring, training, appraising and compensating employees, and attending to their labor relations, health and safety concerns. It includes policies and practices involved in carrying out the people of a management position, including recruiting, screening training, rewarding and appraising. An organization’s human resource management (HRM) function focuses on the people aspect of management. It consists of practices that an organization deals effectively with its employees during the various phases of the employment cycle: pre-selection, selection and post selection. Many firms realize that they must enter foreign markets in order to compete as part of a globally interconnected set of business markets. From an HRM perspective, such organizations must foster the development of more globally oriented managers: individuals who understand foreign languages and cultures, as well as the dynamics of foreign market places. Globalization is the tendency of Continue reading

Economic Policies to Control Inflation

Inflation has to be controlled, otherwise the extent of damage done to the economy will be something substantial and the economy would take a long time to recover from the effects of inflation. In this direction of control of inflation, the following are the theoretical measures available. These measures could be classified into three groups viz. Monetary measures, Fiscal measures and Other measures. 1.  Monetary Measures Monetary measures are steps taken by the Central bank of a country as the head of the monetary system. These measures are usually refereed to as the, quantitative credit controls and qualitative credit controls. The former include bank rate, open market operations and the variable reserve ratio. The, latter include margin requirements, moral suasion, direct action, control through directives, consumer credit regulation or rationing, publicity, etc. Quantitative Credit Controls:  Bank rate is the first, measure to curb credit creation activity of the commercial banks, Continue reading

Offshore Derivatives Instruments – Participatory Notes

Offshore derivatives instruments (ODIs) are investment vehicles used by overseas investors not registered with the SEBI for an exposure in Indian equities or equity derivatives. They may not be registered with SEBI, either because they do not want to, or due to regulatory constraints for which they are not allowed to. It is a registered FII that makes purchases on behalf of these investors and the FII s affiliate issues those ODIs. ODIs include equity-linked notes, capped return notes, participating return notes, etc. Participatory notes are a preferred route for High Net worth Individuals (HNIs) and hedge funds from abroad to make investment in Indian capital market. P-Notes, mostly used by overseas HNIs, hedge funds and other foreign institutions, allow such investors to invest in Indian markets through registered Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs). Participatory Notes (P-Notes) is one of the categories of ODIs. The underlying asset class could be stocks, Continue reading

PEST Analysis – External Business Environment Analysis

A PEST analysis is a way to analyze the general external environment of an organization. Every organization has an external environment. The external environment is quite important because it is the environment in which a company operates. PEST analysis is a useful tool for understanding the “big picture” of the environment in which industry is operating, and environmental understanding will bring the advantage of the opportunities and guide to minimize the threats. PEST components are Political, Economic, Social and Technological. The PEST analysis is used to identify forces in the macro-environment that are affecting the business at present and are likely to continue to affect the business in the future. Macro-environmental analysis is interested in factors in the wider environment that influence the demand for the product or service offered by a company; demand for the product or service; the manner in which the product or service is distributed; the Continue reading

Introduction to Computer Programming Languages

A programming language allows a programmer to develop the sets of instructions that constitute a computer program. Many different programming languages have been developed, each with its own unique vocabulary; grammar, and use. Machine Languages Machine Languages (or first-generation languages) are the most basic level of programming languages. In the early stages of computer development, all program instructions had to be written using binary codes unique to each computer. This type of programming involves the difficult task of writing instructions in the form of strings of binary digits (ones and zeros) or other number systems. Programmers must have a detailed knowledge of the internal operations of the specific type of CPU they are using. They must write long series of detailed instructions to accomplish even simple processing tasks. Programming in machine language requires specifying the storage locations for every instruction and item of data used. Instructions must be included for Continue reading