Advantages and Disadvantages of Organizational Change

Organizational change is an essential part of today’s globalized work life. In modern’s economy, teams and organisations face rapid change like never before. Globalization has not only boosted the markets and opportunities for more development and profit, it also provides opportunities for organisational members to process. However, in general, change processes make demands on both employees and management, regardless of the content of the change process. Facing of the tide of globalization, one of the dominant disputes that human resource professional’s face is what method to improve organizational competitive advantage in the hastily changing environment. Organisational change come about multiple reasons, it is undertaken to ameliorate the accomplishment of that particular organization or a portion of the organization, for instance, a process or team. For organisations to be able to prosper, it is essential for them to go through an important alteration at different sections during their growth. Significant organizational Continue reading

Different Types of Costs

Profit is the ultimate aim of any business and the long-run prosperity of a firm depends upon its ability to earn sustained profits. Profits are the difference between selling price and cost of production. In general the selling price is not within the control of a firm but many costs are under its control. The firm should therefore aim at controlling and minimizing cost. Since every business decision involves cost consideration, it is necessary to understand the meaning of various concepts for clear business thinking and application of right kind of costs. A managerial economist must have a clear understanding of the different cost concepts for clear business thinking and proper application. The several alternative bases of classifying cost and the relevance of each for different kinds of problems are to be studied. The various relevant concepts of cost are: Opportunity costs and Outlay costs:  Out lay cost also known Continue reading

RBI’s Role in Risk Management and Settlement of Transactions in the Foreign Exchange Market

The Indian Foreign Exchange (Forex) market is characterized by constant changes and rapid innovations in trading methods and products. While the innovative products and ways of trading create new possibilities for profit, they also pose various kinds of risks to the market. Central banks all over the world, therefore, have become increasingly concerned of the scale of foreign exchange settlement risk and the importance of risk mitigation measures. Behind this growing awareness are several events in the past in which foreign exchange settlement risk might have resulted in systemic risk in global financial markets, including the failure of Bankhaus Herstatt in 1974 and the closure of BCCI SA in 1991. The foreign exchange settlement risk arises because the delivery of the two currencies involved in a trade usually occurs in two different countries, which, in many cases are located in different time zones. This risk is of particular concern to Continue reading

Business Valuation

Business valuation is the process of assessing the worth of the enterprise which is subject to merger or takeover so that the consideration amount can be quantified and price of one enterprise for the other can be fixed. Such valuation helps in determining the  value of shares of the acquired and acquiring company to safeguard the interest of the shareholders of both the companies. The share of any member in a company is a movable property and can be transferred in the manner provided in the articles. A share represents a bundle of rights like right to elect directors, to vote on resolutions of the company, share in the surplus, if any, on liquidation etc. Valuation of shares in an amalgamation or takeover is made on a consideration of a number of relevant factors, such as stock exchange prices of the shares of the two companies, the dividends paid on Continue reading

Data storage in Management Information Systems (MIS)

Data storage is a method of operating a computer system having memory for storing and retrieving information concerning a subject, which comprises the following. (a) in the computer system memory, storing subject data concerning a plurality of subjects wherein said data includes descriptive phrases regarding various matters with which said subjects are concerned and wherein said data includes identifying information for identifying the subjects associated with said descriptive phrases; (b) assigning selected designation numbers to said descriptive phrases and storing said selected designation numbers in the computer system memory in association with the corresponding descriptive phrases and with the identifying information wherein said designation numbers correspond to a respective plurality of topics; (c) in the computer system memory, storing a plurality of topic headings with each heading being designated to include a specified range of designation numbers; (d) in the computer system, for each designation number assigned to a descriptive Continue reading

Business Model – Definition, Components, Role and Importance

Business model describes entire procedure of creation, delivery, and capturing of organizational values in both economic and social aspects. It represents core aspects of the business which include strategies, organizational structure, purpose, operational processes, policies, infrastructure, and business practices. Entire functioning of the business is based over this business model as it provides guideline to the organization to carry out all its activities. Thus there is a need to define business model of any organization at first in an explicit manner to avoid all the discrepancies at first end. Business model directly focuses over customer needs as it is this particular aspect along with product differentiation strategy, i.e. to introduce new product to make sure that company is able to capture optimum market share. This model also specifies customer groups through market segmentation to directly focus over those market sectors that will provide maximum return to the associated product. Business Continue reading