Areas of Social Responsibility

Even though corporate responsibility for increasing the wealth of stockholders is well recognized, other social responsibilities are only beginning to be accepted. Below is a brief list of the many areas in which corporations have acknowledged their social responsibility and established programs to deal with them. Responsibility for protecting the natural environment:  includes judicious use of natural resources, energy conservation, limiting polluting emissions, and waste management. Responsibility toward consumers: includes creating safe products and pack ­ages, educating consumers on product use and disposal, being truthful in advertising, and establishing a procedure for dealing with consumer complaints. Responsibility toward employee welfare: includes providing fair compensation and benefits and safe work environments, eliminating discrimination, pro ­viding opportunities for personal and professional development, and having progressive human resource policies. Responsibilities toward local, state, and federal government agencies: include fulfilling obligations under regulations and statures of these agencies, cooperating in planning and investigations, and Continue reading

Accounts Receivable Management

Meaning of Accounts Receivables When goods and services are sold under an agreement permitting the customer to pay for them at a later date, the amount due from the customer is recorded as accounts receivables; So, receivables are assets accounts representing amounts owed to the firm as a result of the credit sale of goods and services in the ordinary course of business. The value of these claims is carried on to the assets side of the balance sheet under titles such as accounts receivable, trade receivables or customer receivables. This term can be defined as “debt owed to the firm by customers arising from sale of goods or services in ordinary course of business.” According to Robert N. Anthony, “Accounts receivables are amounts owed to the business enterprise, usually by its customers. Sometimes it is broken down into trade accounts receivables; the former refers to amounts owed by customers, Continue reading

What is System Software?

System software consists of programs that manage and support a computer system and its information processing activities. These programs serve as a vital software interface between computer system hardware and the application programs of end users. System management programs. Programs that manage the hardware, software, network, and data resources of the computer system during its execution of the various information processing jobs of users. Examples of important system management programs are operating systems, network management programs, database management systems, and system utilities. System development programs. Programs that help users develop information system programs and procedures and prepare user programs for computer processing. Major development programs are programming language translators and editors, other programming tools, and CASE (computer-aided software engineering) packages. 1. Operating Systems The most important system software package for any computer is its operating system. An operating system is an integrated system of programs that manages the operations of Continue reading

Sales Promotion in Marketing

Promotion is an umbrella term that describes all of the activities considered necessary for marketing communication. Promotional plan covers all phases of communication between the seller and the potential consumer. It addresses advertising and sales promotion and other forms of promotion. Sales promotion has grown in importance for all the retailers worldwide. There is a rapid growth of sales promotion which is due to rise in advertisements and pricing; because of the clutter of various commercial messages has made the sales promotional substantial, thus it helps to make the difference among these commercials in the market and focuses on the promotions to reach the target audience. Sales promotion is a composite of activities that round out the advertising and personal selling components of business. Sales promotion is an initiative undertaken by organizations to promote increase in sales, usage or trial of a product or services. Sales promotion is an important Continue reading

The Strategic Role of Human Resource Management

Human resource development is the process of assisting employees in a certain organization to improve their personal and organizational skills, their abilities, and use of knowledge. This includes helping them through taking them for training, career development courses, organizational and performance management. The main aim of human resource development is to develop an advanced workforce that will enable the organization to achieve its goals and offer the best to its customers. Human resource development can be done from within the organization or from outside the organization. It can also be done formally such as a planned organizational change, offering classroom training to employees or taking them through a certain college course, or informally where a manager may decide to coach the employees on a particular issue. Human resource development in any organization is the role of human resource management. This deals with all the matters of the employees. This article, Continue reading

Methods of Allocating Overhead Costs

Overhead cost is an ongoing  expense  of operating a business and is usually used to group expenses that are necessary to the continued functioning of the business, but cannot be immediately associated with the products/services being offered as in the costs do not directly generate  profits. Overhead cost includes indirect product cost or indirect cost of responsibility center. Indirect product cost is known as manufacturing overhead whereas indirect cost of responsibility center is known as non-manufacturing cost. Manufacturing overhead is those manufacturing costs that are incurred to a variety of products. It cannot be traced to individual products like depreciation and insurance of manufacturing equipment, cost of occupying, managing and maintaining a production facility. Manufacturing overhead is the cost that could be traced to individual product but it is not worth the trouble to like cost of lubricants and glue used. Manufacturing overhead also include cost that is more appropriately Continue reading