Participative Management – Workers Participation in Management

Human Resource Management

Case Study on Entrepreneurship: Larry Page

Business Analysis

The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

How to Meet Costa Rica’s 2026 VASP Requirements Without Expanding Headcount

General Business Articles

Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Understanding the Role and Impact of Green Bonds on the Financial Sector

Socially responsible investment has become an important role of financial services in the world. One of the latest investments that are available in the market is called “green bonds”, its popularity has taken off the recent years. A green bond is a bond specifically earmarked to be used for environmental and climate activities, meaning green bonds are used to fund projects with clear environmental benefits. To elaborate, green bonds are intended to encourage climate-friendly projects that aimed at pollution control, sustainable agriculture and wastewater management system, clean transportation, climate change adaptation, etc. Green bond market is open to different types of issuers such as government bodies, corporates, and financial institutions. The market for green bonds has expanded significantly over the past decade. In 2020, the cumulative green bond issuance crossed over $1 trillion and stood at $1.05 trillion, an average annual growth of 60% since 2015. Last year, the United States led Continue reading

Abey Francis

The Concept of Cash Management

Concept  of Cash “Cash, like the blood stream in the human body, gives vitality and strength to business enterprises.” Though cash hold the smallest portion of total current assets. However, cash is both the beginning and end of working capital cycle – cash, inventories, receivables and cash. It is the cash, which keeps the business going. Hence, every enterprises has to hold necessary cash for its existence.  Moreover, steady and healthy circulation of cash throughout the entire business operations is the basis of business solvency. In the words of R.R. Bari, “Maintenance of surplus cash by a company unless there are special reasons for doing so, is regarded as a bad sigh of cash management.” Cash may be interpreted under two concepts. In narrow sense, cash is very important business asset, but although coin and paper currency can be inspected and handled, the major part of the cash of most Continue reading

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Sensitivity Analysis and Scenario Analysis in Capital Budgeting

Capital Budgeting is the process by which a Business makes decision on whether to take up a project or not. This involves analysis of the amount of money which is required to invest in the project and the revenue that the project will generate. A business uses various techniques and analysis tools to determine the effects of the various projects. This may involve the calculation of the time taken for the undertaking to produce return to cover the initial contribution, or the amount of cash flow that will be produced from the undertaking totally in its entire span of period along with the amount of profit or loss generated from the same or the break even of the project can be calculated using the discount rate of the project. All the techniques and methods involve making assumptions and making estimations about the future performance of the project. The results derived Continue reading

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Activities Performed by Retailers

Retailers undertake various business activities and perform functions that add value to the offerings they make to their target segments. Retailers provide convenient location, stock and appropriate mix of merchandise in suitable packages in accordance with the needs of customers. The four major activities carried out by retailers are: Arrange for assortment of offerings Breaking quantity Holding stock Extending services Arranging Assortment An assortment is a retailer’s selection of merchandise. It includes both the depth and breadth of products carried. Retailers have to select the combination of assortments from various categories. The assortments must include substitutable items of multiple brands and price points. They should be distinguished on account of physical dimensions and attributes e.g., color or flavor. The small retailer takes assortment decision on the basis of his experience; on the other hand retailers from organized retailing depend on a detailed study of past trends and future projections. Retailers Continue reading

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Organization of Foreign Exchange Department

The Foreign Exchange department, which is also being called as the International Banking Division, is one of the important departments of the banks operating in international market. In India also all scheduled commercial banks, both in the nationalized or non-nationalized sectors, do have Foreign Exchange departments, both at their principal offices as well as offices, in metropolitan centers. This department functions independently under the overall change of some senior executive or a senior officer well-versed in foreign exchange operations as well as in the rules and regulations in force from time to time pertaining to foreign exchange transactions advised by various government agencies. The principal function of a Foreign exchange department is to handle foreign inward remittances as well as outward remittances; buying and selling of foreign currencies, handling and forwarding of import and export documents and giving the consultancy services to the exporters and importers. Besides this, the department Continue reading

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Strategic Control Process – Meaning and Process

Strategic Control “ It is the process by which managers monitor the ongoing activities of an organization and its members to evaluate whether activities are being performed efficiently and effectively and to take corrective action to improve performance if they are not” -Sam Walton Managers exercise strategic control when they work with the part of the organisation they  have influence over to ensure that it achieves the strategic aims that have been set for it. To do this effectively, the managers need some decision making freedom: either to decide what needs to be achieved or how best to go about achieving the strategic aims. Such decision making freedom is one of the characteristics that differentiate strategic control from other forms of control exercised by managers (e.g. Operational control – the management of operational processes). Strategic controls take into account the changing assumptions that determine a strategy, continually evaluate the strategy Continue reading

Abey Francis