Participative Management – Workers Participation in Management

Human Resource Management

Case Study on Entrepreneurship: Larry Page

Business Analysis

The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

How to Meet Costa Rica’s 2026 VASP Requirements Without Expanding Headcount

General Business Articles

Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Co-operative Banks in India

The Co-operative bank has a history of almost 100 years. The Co-operative banks are an important constituent of the Indian Financial System, judging by the role assigned to them, the expectations they are supposed to fulfill, their number, and the number of offices they operate. The co-operative movement originated in the West, but the importance that such banks have assumed in India is rarely paralleled anywhere else in the world. Their role in rural financing continues to be important even today, and their business in the urban areas also has increased phenomenally in recent years mainly due to the sharp increase in the number of co-operative banks. While the co-operative banks in rural areas mainly finance agricultural based activities including farming, cattle, milk, hatchery, personal finance etc. along with some small scale industries and self-employment driven activities, the co-operative banks in urban areas mainly finance various categories of people for Continue reading

Abey Francis

Difference Between Administration and Management

The use of two terms Management and Administration  has been a controversial issue in the management literature. Some writers do not see any difference between the two terms, while others maintain that administration and management are two different functions. According to  those who held management and administration distinct, management is a lower-level function and is concerned primarily with the execution of policies laid down by administration. Dalton E.  McFarland  states: “in government agencies administration is preferred over management, although in recent years the term management has become widely used in government agencies.”  But some authors are of the opinion that management is a wider term including administration. This controversy of difference between administration and management  is discussed as under in three heads: Administration is concerned with the determination of policies and management with the implementation of policies. Thus, administration is a higher level function. Management is a generic term and Continue reading

Abey Francis

Definitions of Corporate Governance

The concept of corporate governance is poorly defined because it covers various economics aspects.   As a result of this different people have come up with different definitions on corporate governance. It is hard to point on any one definition as the ultimate definition on corporate governance.   So the best way to define the concept is to provide a list of the definitions given by some noteworthy people. Various Definitions of Corporate Governance 1. According to Sir Adrian Cadbury “The system by which companies are directed and controlled Corporate Governance is concerned with holding the balance between economic and social goals and between individual and communal goals. The corporate governance framework is there to encourage the efficient use of resources and equally to require accountability for the stewardship of those resources. The aim is to align as nearly as possible the interests of individuals, corporations and society” 2. According Continue reading

Abey Francis

Emergence of New Structural Designs of MNE’s

As companies grow in size, product lines, and dependence on foreign operations, complications of communication, responsibility and control become more complex. So, new structures continue to evolve to deal with this complexity. Proctor & Gamble (P&G) restructured its operations in 1999. P&G formed a unique concept of ‘Global business Product Units’ (GBUs) and 5 such units were established. With the 5 GBUs P&G wants to build its global brand equity as part of its ‘global strategic thinking’. At the same time 7 Market Development Organizations along the lines of major regions of the world were made to facilitate flexibility in the sphere of local actions. Thus it ‘thinks global, acts local’. There are numerous cases like this. But few general forms are alone dealt here. Network Organizations Network-based organization models have been characterized as reflecting an integrated worldwide strategy through globally distributed but interdependent resources and activities. The world is Continue reading

Abey Francis

The Reasons for Mergers and Amalgamations

A number of mergers, take-overs and consolidation have take place in the recent times. The major reason for mergers and amalgamations, is the liberalization of economy. Liberalization is forcing companies to enter new business, exit from others, and consolidate in some simultaneously. The following are the other important reasons for mergers or amalgamations: Economies of scale:  An amalgamation company will have more reasons at its command that the individual companies. This will help in increasing the scale of operations and the economies of large scale will be available. These economies will occur because of more intensive utilization of production facilities, distribution network, research and development facilities, etc. these economies will be available in horizontal mergers were scope of more intensive use of resources is greater. Operating economies: A number of operating economies will be availed with the merger of two or more companies. Duplicating facilities in accounting, purchasing, marketing, etc. Continue reading

Abey Francis

Case Study on MIS: Information System in Restaurant

Case Summary: A waiter takes an order at a table, and then enters it online via one of the six terminals located in the restaurant dining room. The order is routed to a printer in the appropriate preparation area: the cold item printer if it is a salad, the hot-item printer if it is a hot sandwich or the bar printer if it is a drink. A customer’s meal check-listing (bill) the items ordered and the respective prices are automatically generated. This ordering system eliminates the old three-carbon-copy guest check system as well as any problems caused by a waiter’s handwriting. When the kitchen runs out of a food item, the cooks send out an ‘out of stock’ message, which will be displayed on the dining room terminals when waiters try to order that item. This gives the waiters faster feedback, enabling them to give better service to the customers. Continue reading

Abey Francis