Participative Management – Workers Participation in Management

Human Resource Management

Case Study on Entrepreneurship: Larry Page

Business Analysis

The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

How to Meet Costa Rica’s 2026 VASP Requirements Without Expanding Headcount

General Business Articles

Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

What is Activity Based Costing (ABC)?

Changing external business environment has resulted in further developments in the tools and techniques used for management accounting. Traditional management accounting techniques had certain limitations associated with them, for instance, absorption costing methods have been found to be inappropriate in the modern environment. Similarly, standard costing’ suitability with respect to its general philosophy and detailed operations has come under severe criticism. It is believed that traditional management accounting performance measures can produce the wrong type of response. As a response to the limitations of traditional accounting techniques, activity based approaches has gained significant repute. In the case of activity based approaches, the focus is on the activities that the business carries out as opposed to how the activities have traditionally been organised into separate functions. Activity based costing was thus developed because it was realized that older methods like absorption costing, which used labor hours as the basis for absorbing Continue reading

Abey Francis

Concept of Virtual Network Structure (VNS)

In today increasingly stiff competitive environment, organisational structure is becoming a very important role to a company in the market competition. The organisational structure is explained as the formal decision-making framework that will be done by dividing, grouping and coordinating job tasks. However, in order to design organisation structure managers need to address six key elements, those are work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, decentralization and formalization. Secondly, for the face on the sharply environment change, HR managers should divide the tasks and then coordinate those, in essence balancing job-related specialization with group, inter group, and organisation-based integration as necessary. They also said that organisational structure defines the firm’s decision-making authority and serves as the connecting fibers between the company’s strategy, the actions and behaviors of members. For example, organization must design structure that facilitates close to coordination between the activities of manufacturing and those of research, Continue reading

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Theoretical Perspectives on Firm Internationalization

After the World War II, there has been rapid growth in international trade in both goods and services, resulting in various transactions across national borders for the purpose of satisfying the needs of individuals and organisations. The result of this global competition has forced organisations to expand their business by finding out new markets at home and foreign countries making them ‘Transnational firms’. Transnational Corporations (TNC) is defined as a firm that has power to co-ordinate and control operations in more than one country, even if it does not own them. The significance of TNC lies mainly in its ability to co-ordinate and control different transactions within transnational production networks, ability to take advantage of distribution factors of production and ability to be flexible in locations. The growing TNCs led to various patterns and trends in international business like rapid growth in world trade and investment, cross border mergers and Continue reading

Abey Francis

Interest Rate Concepts

In market economy, there are many economic-financial categories, including credit and credit interest rate which are two of the most important ones. Credit activities are borrowing and lending activities. The capital-using relationship between  borrowers and lenders bases on the principles of reimbursement.  Lenders who are in excess of capital have opportunities not only to preserve but also capital get profit.  Borrowers who are short of capital have chances to get additional capital to meet production, business or living needs. Therefore,  owing to the credit activities that a large proportion of capital in the economy are mobilized,  concentrated and distributed from temporary capital surplus sections to shortage ones to meet  different needs of all entities in the economy. Indispensable leverage and tool in credit activities is interest rate.  Interest rate of bank credit is the ratio in percentage between income and amount of loan for a certain period.  Thus, interest rate Continue reading

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Call Option

Option Trading confers the right on the holder/buyer to buy/sell a specified asset (here foreign currency) on a specific price on or before a specific date but he has no obligation to buy/sell. Seller/Writer has an obligation to fulfill the contract if buyer/holder exercises the option. Whenever a person has an intention to buy foreign currency by paying a premium amount immediately, and settling the same on a later date, it is known as a Call option. Call option has two parties, one a buyer of a Call option and other a seller of a Call option. Example: Mr. A is interested in buying a US dollar. Spot rate is US$ 1 = 45.50. Mr. A believes that some 30 days down the line, with the budget coming up and the price of the US dollar would increase. Not wanting to take any chances, he goes to a dealer and Continue reading

Abey Francis

Talent Management – Management of Human Talent

Definition of Talent Management Talent management is the use of an integrated set of activities to ensure that the organization attracts, retains, motivates and develops the talented people it needs now and in the future. The aim is to secure the flow of talent, bearing in mind that talent is a major corporate resource.  Talent  consists of those individuals who can make a difference to organisational performance either through their immediate contribution or, in the longer-term, by demonstrating the highest levels of potential. In a competitive marketplace, talent management is  a primary driver for organizational success. Broadly defined, talent management is the implementation of integrated strategies or systems designed to increase workplace productivity by developing improved processes for attracting, developing, retaining and utilizing people with the required skills and aptitude to meet current and future business needs.  It’s pretty clear that people are a business’s most important asset and in Continue reading

Abey Francis