Participative Management – Workers Participation in Management

Human Resource Management

Case Study on Entrepreneurship: Larry Page

Business Analysis

The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

How to Meet Costa Rica’s 2026 VASP Requirements Without Expanding Headcount

General Business Articles

Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Advertising Budget

The size of the advertising budget can have an impact upon the composition of the advertising mix. In general, a limited promotion budget may impel the management to use types of promotion that would not be employed otherwise, even though they are less effective than the others. Industrial firms generally invest a larger proportion of their budgets in personal selling than in advertising, while the reverse is true of most producers of consumer goods. Organizations with small budgets may be forced to use types of advertising that are less effective than others. Some marketers find it necessary to restrict their efforts primarily to personal selling and publicity. There are organizations with small promotion budget which take the opposite course of action. They concentrate on advertising and sales promotion, and neglect other methods. Some marketers advertise in expensive ways (through classified advertisement in newspapers and magazines) and spend virtually nothing on Continue reading

Abey Francis

Parenting Fit Matrix

Normally multibusiness companies comprise two elements: business units, which could  theoretically be independent companies, relating directly to the capital markets; and one or more layers of other  line and staff managers above or outside the businesses, which we refer to collectively as “the parent”. The businesses are directly involved in value creation: they produce goods and services and attempt to sell them for more than their cost. But the parent is involved much less directly. Its ability to create value depends  largely on its influence on the businesses and the way it supports them. The parent acts as an intermediary between the businesses and outside investors. It clearly incurs costs, both  direct and indirect. It is therefore justified only if, through its influence, it creates more value than these costs. If  it does not, businesses and shareholders would be better off without it. This bottom-up view challenges the very  existence Continue reading

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Research Variables – Dependent and Independent Variables

Research is the foundation of any science, including both hard sciences such as physics, chemistry and the social sciences such as psychology, management and education. The steps and process involved in the research can vary depending on the type of research being done and the hypothesis being tested. Research methods such as Naturalistic observation and surveys are often less structured, where as experimental methods are more structured. Depending upon what is observed or experienced, new theories are developed. There are aspects of a theory or aspects of a study that can change or vary as part of interaction within the theory, defined as variables. Variables are anything that can change of effect the results of a study. In an experimental method, the experiment is conducted by changing the value of one variable and measuring the changes in another variable while holding or assuming surroundings constant. There is no limit to Continue reading

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Newspapers as an Advertising Medium

In the last nearly 200 years, newspapers have remained a very important mass media for advertising. With the appearance of radio, and subsequently television, there has been some change in the reading habits of people. TV presented a combination of some very desirable characteristics, not offered by any other media, and became a primary source of entertainment, news, and other types of information for a very large number of people. Print media has successfully met the challenge posed by television because it has certain advantages not offered by broadcast media. In spite of tremendous popularity of TV as an advertising medium, newspapers command a position of significance among advertisers. Newspapers are an important part of our everyday life and a major source of information for a large number of readers. Newspapers are available to the masses at a fraction of their cost because advertising revenues from large to small advertisers Continue reading

Abey Francis

An Overview of Electronic Cash

The World is moving rapidly with vastly changing technological developments and innovations. We are currently experiencing an era, where everything is getting automated and digitalized. Along with this technological transition, international monetary system is one significant aspect that is getting transferred from its current state of paper based monetary system to electronic monetary/cash system. According to the 1994 report of European Central bank, electronic cash can be defined as an electronic store of monetary value on a technical device that may be widely used for making payments to undertakings other than the issuer without necessarily involving bank accounts in the transaction, but acting as a prepaid bearer instrument. Like the serial number on general dollar bills, electronic cash issued by a bank or any other institution will also consist a unique number and will represent a specified value of real money. Hence with the current accelerated phase of changes and Continue reading

Abey Francis

Difference Between Business Strategy and Corporate Strategy

Business Level Strategy Business level strategy concentrates on developing a firm specific model that will allow the firm to gain competitive advantage over its rivals in the industry such as in which it operates. Business strategy would focus on improving its competitive position of a company’s or business unit’s products within the specific industry or market segment that the company and/ or its business units serve. The question explored in business level strategy is: How a company can best be competed in the industry that they are in? For an example Honda motors, Japan has a domestic market for its products and also it operates internationally. Thus business strategy should be crafted focusing on the ways of how it out beat the domestic competitors who operates both in the domestic market and as well as the in the international market like Mazda, Mitsubishi, Suzuki, Toyota and Nissan and competitors in Continue reading

Abey Francis