The necessity and importance of Systems Design in Management Information System (MIS)

The business application system demands designing of systems suitable to the application in project. The major steps involved in the system design of Management Information Systems(MIS) are the following: Input Design – Input design is defined as the input requirement specification as per a format required. Input design begins long before the data arrives at the device. The analyst will have to design source documents, input screens and methods and procedures for getting the data into the computer. Output Design — The design of the output is based on the requirement of the user — manager, customer etc. The output formats have to very friendly to the user. Therefore the designer has to ensure the appropriateness of the output format. Development — When the design and its methodology is approved, the system is developed using appropriate business models. The development has to be in accordance to a given standard. TheContinue reading

Introduction to Management Information Systems (MIS)

A management information system (MIS) can be defined as a system that: Provides information to support managerial functions like planning, organizing, directing, controlling. Collects information in a systematic and a routine manner which is in accordance with a well defined set of rules. Includes files, hardware, software and operations research models of processing, storing, retrieving and transmitting information to the users. A management information system (MIS) is a subset of the overall internal controls of a business covering the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures by management accountants to solving business problems such as costing a product, service or a business-wide strategy. Management information systems are distinct from regular information systems in that they are used to analyze other information systems applied in operational activities in the organization. Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the group of information management methods tied to the automation or supportContinue reading

Cross-cultural preperation in employee training programmes

“Cross-Cultural Preparation is the process of educating employees (and their families) who are given an assignment in a foreign country”. Cross cultural preparation educates employees (expatriates) and their families who are to be sent to a foreign country To successful conduct business in the global marketplace, employees must understand the business practices and the cultural norms of difference countries. Steps in cross-cultural preparation. To prepare employees for cross-cultural assignments, companies need to provide cross-cultural training. Most U.S companies send employees overseas without any preparation. As a result, the number of employees who return home before completing their assignments is higher for u.s. companies than for European and Japanese companies. U.S companies lose more than $2 billion a year as a result of failed overseas assignments. To succeed overseas, expatriates (employees on foreign assignments)need to be. Competent in their areas of expertise. Able to communicate verbally and nonverbally in the hostContinue reading

Factors influencing wage and salary structure of an organization

The wage policies of different organization vary some what. Marginal units pay the minimum necessary to attract the required number of kind of labor. Often, these units pay minimum wage rates required by labor legislation, and recruit marginal labor. At the other extreme, some units pay well about going rates in the labor market. They do so to attract and retain the highest caliber of labor force. Some managers believe in the economy of higher wages. They feel that, by paying high wages, they would attract better workers who will produce more than average worker in the industry. This greater production per employee means greater output per man hour. Hence, labor costs may turn those existing in firms using marginal labor. Some units pay high wages because of a combination of a favorable product market demand, higher ability to pay and the bargaining power of trade union. But a largeContinue reading

Written Communication in Business

Need for Written Media of Communication The old style of communication did not have public relation, advertising, technology and many aspects of modern day communication. They would converse almost daily and instruction was given verbally to people who worked together in an organization. Also the number of people working together in any organization was less and so they could easily inspect, direct and judge the work of the employees. But today, organizations have a team of qualified person to carry out assignments. These specialists and experts have to communicate their ideas to one another and also to the management. This flow of information is necessary to be maintained through written medial because of the complexity of all these activities. The written media is like the human sensory organs and memory power, which receives analyses and records the information for the purpose of decision making in the future. Written media helpsContinue reading

Verbal Communication in Business

Meaning and Importance of Verbal Communication Our spoken words have greater impact than that of the sword taken out of the scabbard. The speeches of famous leaders and revolutionaries have had the greatest impact on people resulting in movements and revolutions. The words can encourage the people to take over and complete the tasks beyond their ability. On the other hand, the worlds can dis-spirit and discourage the people from doing even their routine jobs. Oral communication is vital to human relationships in every business organization as well as social gatherings. We talk to people for many purposes. We may talk in order to escape boredom, to get acquainted with a newcomer, to warn the person about his or her misbehavior, to suggest novel ideas to other people who work with us, to instruct others, and for a number of other purposes. Much of the professional and business communication throughContinue reading