Case Study on Entrepreneurship: Larry Page

Business Analysis

The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Gantt Charts – Tool for Project Planning and Scheduling

Project Management

Kaizen – Understanding the Japanese Business Philosophy of Continuous Improvement

Operations Management

What is Expert System?

An expert system is an advanced computer application that is implemented for the purpose of providing solutions to complex problems, or to clarify uncertainties through the use of non-algorithmic programs where normally human expertise will be needed. Expert systems are most common in complex problem domain and are considered as widely used alternatives in searching for solutions that requires the existence of specific human expertise. The expert system is also able to justify its provided solutions based on the knowledge and data from past users. Normally expert systems are used in making business marketing strategic decisions, analyzing the performance of real time systems, configuring computers and perform many other functions which normally would require the existence of human expertise. The difference between an expert system with a normal problem-solving system is that the latter is a system where both programs and data structures are encoded, while for expert system only Continue reading

Abey Francis

Distributed Data Processing (DDP)

Distributed database system technology is the union of what appear to be two diametrically opposed approaches to data processing: database system and computer network technologies. Database system have taken us from a paradigm of data processing in which each application defined and maintained its own data to one in which the data is defined and administered centrally. This new orientation results in data independence , whereby the application programs are immune to changes in the logical or physical organization of the data. One of the major motivations behind the use of database systems is the desire to integration the operation data of an enterprise and to provide centralized, thus controlled access to that data. The technology of computer networks, on the other hand, promotes a mode of that work that goes against all centralization efforts. At first glance it might be difficult to understand how these two contrasting approaches can Continue reading

Abey Francis

Gaps between Theory of the Firm and Managerial Economics

The theory of the firm is a body of theory, which contains certain assumptions, theorems and conclusions. Theory of the firm states that firms (corporations) exist and make decisions in order to maximize profits. These theorems deal with the way in which businessmen make decisions about pricing, and production under prescribed market conditions. It is concerned with the study of the optimization process. For optimality to exist profit must be maximized and this can occur only when marginal cost equals marginal revenue. Thus, the optimum position of the firm is that which maximizes net revenue. Managerial economics, on the other hand, aims at developing a managerial theory of the firm and for the purpose it takes the help of economic theory of the firm. However, there are certain difficulties in using economic theory as an aid to the study of decision-making at the level of the firm. This is because Continue reading

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Put Option

An option is a contract, which gives the buyer the right to buy or sell foreign currency at a specific price, on or before a specific date. For this, the buyer has to pay to the seller some money, which is called as premium. There is no obligation on the buyer to complete the transaction if the price is not favorable to him. Whenever a person has an intention to sell foreign currency by paying a premium amount immediately and settling the same on a later date, it is known as a Put Option. Put Option has two parties, one a buyer of a Put Option and other a seller of a Put Option. Example: Mr. A is interested in selling a US Dollar. Spot rate is US$ 1 = 45.50. Mr. A believes that some 15 days down the line, with the budget coming up, the price of the Continue reading

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Secure Electronic Transaction (SET)

Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) is a standard protocol for securing credit card transactions over insecure networks, specifically, the Internet. SET is not itself a payment system, but rather a set of security protocols and formats that enables users to employ the existing credit card payment infrastructure on an open network in a secure fashion. Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) was developed by VISA and MasterCard (involving other companies such as GTE, IBM, Microsoft, Netscape, RSA and VeriSign) starting in 1996. SET is based on X.509 certificates with several extensions. SET uses a blinding algorithm that, in effect, lets merchants substitute a certificate for a user’s credit-card number. This allows traders to credit funds from clients’ credit cards without the need of the credit card numbers. SET makes use of cryptographic techniques such as digital certificates and public key cryptography to allow parties to identify themselves to each other and exchange information Continue reading

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Taxation Aspects of Multinational Corporations in India

Foreign non-resident business entities may have business activities in a variety of  ways. In its simplest form this can take the form of individual transactions in the nature of  exports or import of goods, lending or borrowing of money, sale of technical know how to an  Indian enterprise, a foreign air-liner touching an Indian airport and booking cargo or  passengers, etc. various tax issues arise on accounts of such activities. The government wants  to encourage foreign enterprises to engage in certain types of business activities in India,  which in its opinion its desirable for achieving a balanced economic growth. This takes us to  the last aspect of activities which enjoy tax incentives in India. The related issues about the  taxation of the Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are as follows: 1. Taxation of Transactions and Operations of MNCs in India Taxation of transactions and operations of MNCs fully depends on the definition Continue reading

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