Advertising is one of the most visible forms of communication. Because of its wide use and its limitations as one-way method of communication, advertising in international markets is subject to a number of difficulties. Advertising is often the most important part of the communication mix for the consumer goods, where there is a large number of small volume customers who can be reached through mass media. International advertising entails dissemination of a commercial message to target audiences in more than one country. Target audiences differ from country to country in terms of how they perceive or interpret symbols or stimuli, respond to humor or emotional appeals, as well as in levels of literacy and languages spoken. International advertising can, therefore, be viewed as a communication process that takes place in multiple cultures that differ in terms of values, communication styles and consumption patterns. International advertising is also a business activity Continue reading
Marketing Strategies
Co-Creation of Value in Marketing
Back in 1953, Neil Borden introduced the concept of Marketing Mix. In 1960, it was classified into 4Ps – product; price; place; and promotion – in 1960 by Professor McCarthy. Product can be either physical or service; Price is dependent on its value; Place refers to distribution of; and Promotion refers to communication related to marketing of the product. The concept of ‘4Ps’ was mainly used in the past when physical product was dominant in the market. There are two main limitations of the marketing mix – common in all examined domains: (i) a model’s internal orientation; and (ii) lack of personalization. Consequently, the model of exchange was introduced having logic based on exchange of manufactured “goods”. This logic focused on tangible resources, embedded value, and transactions. Over the past several decades, however, new perspectives have emerged having a logic focused on intangible resources: the co-creation of value and relationships. Continue reading
Case Study: MNC Fast Food Chains Go ”Local”
After almost a decade in India, transnational fast food retail chains like KFC, McDonald’s, Domino’s, Pizza Hut and others are re-learning marketing lessons and segmenting their product portfolio to capture Indian consumers across diverse income levels and lifestyles. The strategy is an attempt by top food retailers to tone up profit margins with a multi-layered product portfolio that addresses the aspirational need of consumers willing to splurge while meeting the basic requirement at the bottom end. Retailers have intensified the localization of products to cater to the Indian demand of ‘your kind of place but our kind of food’ and wooing consumers to shift from the unorganized to organized outlets. Globally too, profit worries have led to food retailers moving away from a pure volume-focused strategy. “We have learnt that while Indian consumers like our ambience, the food has to meet their local tastes. A consumer in an urban setting Continue reading
Improve, Adapt, Buy or Drop a Product – Strategic Marketing Decisions
If a product is not showing profitable performance, the company may consider one of the alternatives, viz., improve, adapt, buy or drop the product. Improve If the firm continues to make the product, it may be required to make improvement in its production or distribution so as to yield adequate return. Improvement may mean re-designing the product or producing it at a lower cost. Product improvement is particularly necessary when the existing product has become apparently obsolete or out of fashion. Indian companies need to continuously upgrade their products and technology to withstand the pace of change in their business environment and to meet the challenges thrown up by the emergence of a buyer’ market. Product improvement is very important in durable goods, for example, automobiles, refrigerators, etc. This explains the development of a camera with a built-in coupled exposure meter, which proved to be a Continue reading
Brand Building through Events Marketing
To truly build a brand that leaves an indelible imprint on the hearts and minds of audiences, event marketers must adopt a more strategic, holistic approach. When it comes to building brands, events and meetings have become powerful tools in the arsenals of marketers and event professionals. Event marketing can tie a brand to a valuable experience; and the event itself allows brands to engage in a high-touch environment where deeper connections between brands, customers, prospects, vendors, and partners can be forged. A well-executed event can build market share, grow profits, and increase brand equity by creating a stronger and more meaningful connection between a brand and its audience. A poorly executed event can cause brand damage. Events and meetings present a great opportunity for marketers and event professionals to build brand value together. Events marketing help in brand building by: Creating awareness about the launch of new products/brand: Creating Continue reading
Marketing Strategies for Gaining Market Share
Marketing strategies used by companies to achieve or defend its competitive advantage. The main strategies used are defensive and offensive strategies. Offensive strategies are used to secure the company’s competitive advantage whereas a defensive strategy is used to defend the competitive advantage of the company. These strategies have various types that are further explained with the help of techniques used by companies to capture or defend their competitive advantages. The examples elaborate in simplified terms the marketing warfare that takes place to maintain and capture market share. The Defensive Marketing Strategies This strategy aims at maintaining the market share the company has already achieved. It does not enhance the firm’s competitive advantage but helps fortify the firm competitive position. Normally a defensive strategy should be employed by the market leader due to its market share advantage and position. There are various types of defensive strategies which are elaborated below. 1. Continue reading