Operating Economies through Mergers

A merger, which results in meeting the test of increasing the wealth of the shareholders, is said to contain synergistic properties. Synergy is the increase in value of the firm combining two firms into one entity i.e., it is the difference value between the combined firm and the sum of the value of the individual firms. There may be various sources for this extra value arise i.e., the increase in wealth of the shareholders as a result of merger.  The key to the existence of synergy is that the target firm controls a specialized resource that becomes more valuable when combined with the bidding firm’s resources. The sources of synergy of specialized resources will vary depending upon the merger. In case of horizontal merger, the synergy comes from some form of economies of scale, which reduce costs, or from increased market power, which increases profit margins and sales. There are Continue reading

Doctrine of Constructive Notice and Indoor Management

Doctrine of Constructive Notice The Memorandum and Articles, on registration, assume the character of public documents. The  office of the Registrar is a public office and documents registered there are open and accessible to the  public at large. Therefore, every outsider dealing with the company is deemed to have notice of the  contents of the Memorandum and Articles. This is known as Constructive Notice of Memorandum and  Articles. Under the doctrine of ‘constructive notice’, every person dealing or proposing to enter into a  contract with the company is deemed to have constructive notice of the contents of its Memorandum and  Articles. Whether he actually reads them or not, it is presumed that he has read these documents and has  ascertained the exact powers of the company to enter into contract, the extent to which these powers have  been delegated to the directors and the limitations to such powers. He is Continue reading

Concept of HR strategy (Human Resource Strategy)

After the revolution of personnel management into human resources management now we are open to new concept “human resources strategy”. Today Human beings are the most important recourse for an organization and the existent of an organization are exclusively dependable on employees. Today the most of problems and challenges in an organization are all human related. HR Manger is more concern with employee thoughts, development, set values, expectations, motivation, and psychology well-being. Repeated and frequent development in global markets and technology make it more difficult for higher managers to develop HR strategies. To meet the competitive requirement of market manger should acquire conceptual strategic skills and practices. That why HR manager should adopt up to date training techniques so that low level employee’s productivity can be elevate. Implementation of advance technology at workplace enable employee to defeat up rising complications from upcoming technology. Demographic resemblance is in social context is Continue reading

Project Monitoring and Control

Any project aimed at delivering a product or a service has to go through phases in a planned manner in order to meet the requirements. It is very important to measure the performance of the current status of the project at anytime against its planned version. This helps to tackle any unexpected deviation in time, efforts and cost. It is possible to work according to the project plan only by careful and close monitoring of the project progress. It requires establishing control factors to keep the project on the track of progress. The results of any stage in a project, depends on the inputs to that stage. It is therefore necessary to control all the inputs and the corresponding outputs from a stage. This is achieved through devising proper controls for every stage. A project manager may use certain standard tools to keep the project on track. The project manager Continue reading

Argument Mapping – A Tool For Improving Your Critical Thinking

Argument mapping is a way to visually show the logical structure of arguments,  where “arguments constitute a body of evidence in relation to some proposition (an idea that is true or false)”. It does so by having the user break up an argument into its constituent claims, and use lines, boxes, colors and location to indicate the relationships between the various parts. Thus, a map is produced which illustrates why a particular conclusion was reached by clearly outlining its reasons and objections. The resulting argument map allows us to see exactly how each part of an argument is related to every other part. Typically an argument map is a “box and arrow” diagram with boxes corresponding to propositions and arrows corresponding to relationships such as evidential support.  Argument mapping is similar to other mapping activities such as mind mapping and concept mapping, but focuses on the logical, evidential or inferential Continue reading

Need for Business Forecasting

Business Forecasting is an estimate or prediction of future developments in business such as sales, expenditures, and profits. Given the wide swings in economic activity and the drastic effects these fluctuations can have on profit margins, it is not surprising that business forecasting has emerged as one of the most important aspects of corporate planning. Forecasting has become an invaluable tool for business people to anticipate economic trends and prepare themselves either to benefit from or to counteract them. If, for instance, business people envision an economic downturn, they can cut back on their inventories, production quotas, and hiring. If, on the contrary, an economic boom seems probable, those same business people can take necessary measures to attain the maximum benefit from it. Good business forecasts can help business owners and managers adapt to a changing economy. Some of the important needs of business forecasting are listed below: 1. Helps Continue reading