Conflicts Between Shareholder Theory and Stakeholder Theory

Firstly, it is necessary to understand some definitions of shareholders, stakeholders, shareholder theory and stakeholder theory. Shareholder is an individual or corporation owning stock in a public or private company. Shareholder decides the membership of the board of directors by making a vote. Maximizing shareholder wealth means maximizing the flow of dividends to shareholders through time. Stakeholder are groups and individuals who get benefit from or are harmed by, or whose rights are contravened or regarded by, corporate actions. The list of stakeholders commonly includes customers, employees, suppliers and the community like shareholders and other investors. Shareholder theory supports that management is allowed to ignore the interest of the the other constituencies while pursuing the interest of the shareholder owners. Moreover, in the perspective of finance, shareholder wealth maximization is accepted as being obvious logically. The stakeholder theory says that managers should pay attention to all stakeholders in a company Continue reading

ERP Tutorial

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation needs lot of attention and dedication from all the concerned. The top management role is generally limited to the approval of the ERP package and taking care of ERP budgets. The top management identifies a person as ‘Champion’ to take the decisions as required. Once the company decides to go for a specific ERP, all the employees who are likely to be affected shall be taken into confidence and each of the end user shall be provided with ERP tutorial for their function. While there are more than one standard ERP tutorial, it may be better for the consulting company or the company’s IT department to device their own tutorial. While ERP application is being customized, the concerned are consulted and their inputs are taken. Once the customization is done, the system integration and testing are done. At this point of time the users are Continue reading

Neo-Factor Proportions Theory

Extending Leontief’s view, some of the economists emphasize on the point that it is not only the abundance (scarcity) of a particular factor, but also the quality of that factor of production that influences the pattern of international trade. The quality is so important in their view that they analyse the trade theory in a three-factor framework instead of two-factor framework taken into account by Heckscher and Ohlin. The third factor manifests in the form of: Human capital: It is the result of better education and training.Human capital should be treated as a factor input like physical labor and capital. A country with human capital maintains an edge over other countries with regards to the export of commodities produces with the help of improved human capital. Skill Intensity: The skill intensity hypothesis is similar to human capital hypothesis as both of them explain the capital embodied in human beings. It Continue reading

Bitcoin – Meaning, Transactions, Mining and Network Security

Bitcoin is a decentralized virtual cryptocurrency, launched in 2009 by an unidentified person known as Satoshi Nakamoto. It does not rely on any central services for managing the creation or flow of money. It relies on cryptographic algorithms in order to prevent abuse of the system. It is abbreviated as BTC and is powered by a peer-to-peer network in the public domain both in terms of issuing and valuation. Until Bitcoin €™s invention, online transactions always required a trusted third-party intermediary. For example, if a person A wanted to send $10 to B over the Internet, he would have had to depend on a third-party service like Paypal. Intermediaries like Paypal keep a ledger of balance of account holders. When A sends $10 to B, Paypal deducts this amount from A €™s account and credits it to B €™s account. The digital money could be spent more than once without Continue reading

Concepts of Marketing: Product and Selling Concepts

The marketing concept and philosophy is one of the simplest ideas in marketing because it states that the organization should strive to satisfy its customer’s wants and needs while meeting the organization’s goals. In general terms, the customer is known as the king because they are the one who decide the quantity and price for the following products. As a philosophy, marketing is based on thinking about business in terms of customer needs and their satisfaction. Marketing differs from selling because it is not concerned with the values that the exchange is all about. Apart from that, the implication of the marketing concept is very important for management. It is not something that the marketing department administers or is it the sole domain of the marketing department. In other definition, Marketing is the process of teaching consumers in terms of choosing the products which brings benefits to them and can Continue reading

Strategic Issues in Managing Technology

Due to increased competition and accelerated product development cycles, innovation and the management of technology is becoming crucial to corporate success. The importance of technology and innovation must be emphasized by people at the very top and reinforced by people throughout the corporation. Management has an obligation to not only encourage new product development, but also to develop a system to ensure that technology is being used most effectively with the consumer in mind. External Scanning: Corporations need to continually scan their external societal and task environments for new developments in technology that may have some application to their current or potential products, Stakeholders, especially customers, can be important participant in the new product development process. Technological Developments: Focusing one’s scanning efforts too closely on one’s own industry is dangerous.   Most new developments that threaten existing business practices and technologies do not come from existing competitors or even from Continue reading