Historical Perspective of Corporate Governance

The seeds of modern corporate governance were probably sown by the Watergate scandal in the United States.   The global movement for better corporate governance progressed in fits and starts from the mid-1980s up to 1997.   There were the odd country-level initiatives such as the Cadbury Committee Report in the United Kingdom (1992) or the recommendations of the National Association of Corporate Directors of the US (1995).   It would be fair to say, however, that such initiatives were few and far between.   And while there were the occasional international conferences on the desirability of good corporate governance, most companies — both global and Indian knew little of what the phrase meant, and cared even less for its implications.   More recently, the first major stimulus for corporate governance reforms came after the South-East and East Asian crisis of 1997-98.   This was no classical Latin American debt Continue reading

Advantages and Disadvantages of Incentive Schemes

Merits of Incentives The following are the advantages derived by providing incentives to  employees: Higher output: By providing incentives to his employees, the employer is able  to induce them to work better. This leads to higher output. Greater profits: Needless to say, higher output results in greater profits for the  business. This happens in two ways. First, the cost per unit becomes less and  second, the enterprise is able to keep the selling price low and this results in  greater sales. No problem of idle time: In an organisation where no proper incentives are  available for the workers, the tendency will be to while away the time. When  suitable incentives are available, the workers become time conscious. They  begin to see every minute in terms of money. Supervision does not pose any problem: When suitable incentives are  available, the workers become duty conscious. The need for close supervision,  thus, does Continue reading

Just-in-Time (JIT) Production Technology

In today’s competitive global business environment, the goal of all manufacturing systems is long-term survival. A manufacturing company’s survival in an increasingly competitive market closely depends upon its ability to produce highest quality product at lowest possible cost and in a timely manner with shortest possible lead-time. In addition, these goals should be achieved by paying utmost respect to the humanity of the employees who make the system work. Sometime, the difficulty of achieving the goals lies in the complexity of manufacturing operations. It is not difficult to build the high quality product, but is extremely difficult to do so while maintaining excellent quality, and at some time respecting the humanity of people who do the actual work of building that product. A Just-in-Time (JIT) based approach, which is suggested here, is capable of achieving all above stated goals. Just-in-Time (JIT) Based Quality Management is both philosophy and guiding set Continue reading

How Creativity Helps in Problem Solving Process?

The first step of problem solving is to define the problem. Although this may sound trivial, in many cases it is not. Many people and organisations rush in to tackle a problem by finding a solution, without previously knowing that the problem really is. So, to achieve a solution, one first has to fully understand the problem. Once the problems have been clearly defined, the most important factor in solving it is creativity. Creativity is required in order to create a ask the right questions about the problem and find the correct and appropriate answers to them, creativity is necessary in order to provide “out of the box” ideas and suggestions and creativity is what defines the process of finding a new way in doing things. Brainstorming is a very popular way to solve a problem and it is a characteristically creative method. It involves the rapid exchange of ideas, Continue reading

Linkage Between Business Models and Innovation

The question of what a business model is often remains relatively vague. The main reason for this is because business people have an intuitive understanding of business models. This is normal, since the business model is about how an organization makes money, which is a manager’s job after all. However, there is often a lack of a more precise and shared understanding of what a business model is. Yet, such a common understanding is required if we want to have high quality discussions of one’s business model and make important business model decisions. Alexander Osterwalder has come up with the 9 building blocks approach to describe business models. This approach has the characteristics of any other type of model (e.g. in architecture or engineering). It is a  simplified description and representation of a complex real world object. It describes the original in a way that we understand its essence without Continue reading

The Impact of E-Marketing on Businesses

The development of e-marketing has been one of the most important and influential trends in the field of business, marketing and Information Technology offer the past decade. It has revolutionized the manner in which certain businesses market their products and the advent of social media offers the potential to revolutionize the manner in which businesses and consumers interact in the future. E-marketing is a general term used to denote a wide array of different Internet-related activities. These include website building and promotion, consumer communications, e-mail marketing and newsgroup advertising. However, the term e-marketing has developed enormously over the past decade and today it encompasses a far wider range of activities and one of the most important of these is the use of social media in order to advertise online. So, e-marketing is the strategic process of creating, distributing, promoting and pricing products for targeted customers in the virtual environment of Continue reading