Participative Management – Workers Participation in Management

Human Resource Management

Case Study on Entrepreneurship: Larry Page

Business Analysis

The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

How to Meet Costa Rica’s 2026 VASP Requirements Without Expanding Headcount

General Business Articles

Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Work Study – Meaning, Importance and Procedure

Work Study forms the basis for work system design. The purpose of work design is to identify the most effective means of achieving necessary functions. Work study aims at improving the existing and proposed ways of doing work and establishing standard times for work performance. Work design involves job design, work measurement and the establishment of time standards and worker compensation. Work Study is encompassed by two techniques -method study and work measurement (time study): Method study is the systematic recording and critical examination of existing and proposed ways of doing work, as a means of developing and applying easier and methods and reducing costs. The main purpose of method study is to eliminate the unnecessary operations and to achieve the best method of performing the operation. Method study is also called methods engineering or work design. Method engineering is used to describe collection of analysis techniques which focus on improving Continue reading

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Industrial Sales Force Deployment

Deployment of Sales Force in Industrial Marketing involves taking certain decisions like what should be  the size of the saleDeployment of Sales Force in Industrial Marketing involves taking certain decisionss force, how the territory has to be designed, how the selling  effort has to be organized and allocated. Sales force play a vital role in industrial  marketing as they help in proliferation of marketing concept. Their ability to  negotiate in this field and their search for new ways of marketing the products  makes them the best people to judge the various alternatives methods as they  deal with potential customers. They have immense talent of negotiating and  coordinating with various departments and also the ability of effectively using  the exiting product in alternative ways. Their ideas and suggestions play an  important role in developing, improving and customizing the existing products. Industrial Selling Environment As industrial selling is specifically to organizational buyers Continue reading

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Factors influencing wage and salary structure of an organization

The wage policies of different organization vary some what. Marginal units pay the minimum necessary to attract the required number of kind of labor. Often, these units pay minimum wage rates required by labor legislation, and recruit marginal labor. At the other extreme, some units pay well about going rates in the labor market. They do so to attract and retain the highest caliber of labor force. Some managers believe in the economy of higher wages. They feel that, by paying high wages, they would attract better workers who will produce more than average worker in the industry. This greater production per employee means greater output per man hour. Hence, labor costs may turn those existing in firms using marginal labor. Some units pay high wages because of a combination of a favorable product market demand, higher ability to pay and the bargaining power of trade union. But a large Continue reading

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Risk and Return in Investments

There are different motives for investment. The most prominent among all is to earn a return on investment. However, selecting investments on the basis of return in not enough. The fact is that most investors invest their funds in more than one security suggest that there are other factors, besides return, and they must be considered. The investors not only like return but also dislike risk. So, what is required is: Clear understanding of what risk and return are, What creates them, and How can they be measured? Return: The return is the basic motivating force and the principal reward in the investment process. The return may be defined in terms of (i) realized return, i.e., the return which has been earned, and (ii) expected return, i.e., the return which the investor anticipates to earn over some future investment period. The expected return is a predicted or estimated return and Continue reading

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The Jugaad Approach to Innovation

The term ‘jugaad’ signifies the importance of implying the innovation process in the workplaces. This helps the organizations to be innovative in their working zones and inspires them to bring in the changes that will be elemental for their success. The concept of ‘jugaad’ is a very important one in the Indian managerial practices. This certainly means the approaches to innovation. This is a Hindi word and this reflects how the innovation practices could lead to the success of the organizations. In India, the workplaces are totally constrained with the diverse workforces. The harsh problematic situations should be overcome by the innovative approaches within the organization and effective solutions should be addressed despite having very limited resources. There have been all kinds of lacks in India regarding the resources, proper workforce, training of the employees and many other things. However, the services cannot be stopped in spite of these problems. Continue reading

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Relational Leadership Paradigm – Five Practices of Exemplary Leaders

Effective leadership is about creating reciprocal relationships between the leader and followers, subordinates, or constituents that in turn creates the foundation for organizational and group success. The Kouzes and Posner’s Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership Model has been noted for its contributions to the Relational Leadership paradigm. Kouzes and Posner (1987) conducted research in the area of “personal best” leadership experiences. They developed a “Personal-Best Leadership Experience” questionnaire, asked thousands of managers to complete the questionnaire, and conducted many follow-up interviews to gather additional information. The personal-best questionnaire asked managers to pick a project, program, or event that they characterized as their “personal-best” leadership experience. After analyzing the data collected from questionnaires and interviews, Kouzes and Posner found that despite the variety in situations and types of leadership experiences, similar patterns were identified related to actions taken by the leaders during the experience. Through the analysis process they identified “Five Continue reading

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