Participative Management – Workers Participation in Management

Human Resource Management

Case Study on Entrepreneurship: Larry Page

Business Analysis

The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

How to Meet Costa Rica’s 2026 VASP Requirements Without Expanding Headcount

General Business Articles

Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Internet of Things (IoT) Connectivity Landscape and Security Challenges

IoT refers to the Internet of Things. The Internet is connected to any device (including cell phones, cars, home equipment, and other wearable devices integrated with the sensor system) so that they can exchange information with each other over a network. The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) as a network goes back to the 1980s, from where it took momentum later on to become the future of the internet. Over a couple of decades, we have seen diversified technologies in communications emerging and reflecting upon different applications and their requirements as they satisfy the needs of both personal and commercial use.  Internet of Things (IoT) Connectivity Landscape The Internet of Things (IoT) landscape now involves an intense variety of accessible connectivity alternatives that need to be harmonized first across various sectors and then correctly coupled to fulfill the IoT Technical Key Performance Indicators. Internet of Things technology is Continue reading

Abey Francis

Zero Based Budgeting

Traditional budgeting starts with previous year expenditure level as a base and then discussion is focused on certain “additions” or “cuts” to be made in the previous year spending. The top management finally gives its approval after hearing the arguments for and against the “additions and “cuts”. In  Zero Based Budgeting (ZBB) reference, is not made to previous level of spending. A convincing case is made for each decision unit to justify the budget allotment for that unit during that period.  Zero Based Budgeting differs from traditional budgeting on many points and following tire a few points of difference between the two systems of budgeting: Traditional Budgeting Vs Zero Based Budgeting Traditional budgeting is accounting-oriented and mainly lays its emphasis in previous year expenditure.  Zero Based Budgeting is decision-oriented and makes all projects and programmes old and new to complete for scarce resources. In traditional budgeting, past expenditure forms the Continue reading

Abey Francis

Case Study: Critical Success Factors of Dell

DELL’s direct-to-customer business model is the key to the company’s dramatic growth and success and has focused on selling directly to customers. This helps eliminate the middleman and offers customers more powerful configured systems than most competitors. The direct model enables DELL to develop a thorough understanding of customer expectations, which strengthens customer relationships and increases customer satisfaction and loyalty. One of the characteristics that distinguishes DELL from its other competitors is that DELL provides the mode to custom the computers of the customers’ choice and taste and deliver the system to the customer as it is the most crucial and critical success factor behind DELL Computers. Therefore, DELL must be aware of the benefits they wish to realize, how it will be realized and ensure only investments of appropriate amounts of resources to obtain benefits. DELL relies on reputation in the US market of award-winning service and a high-quality Continue reading

Abey Francis

Procedural Aspects of Project Finance

The procedural aspects of project financing by banks and other major financial institutions consists of following stages: 1. Identification of the Project The project’s idea is introduced to providers by various sources: a request from the government concerned or financials identification missions may identify a proposal from other financiers, or it. Applications for financing are then sorted out and classified: projects to be financed are selected from amongst projects which have top priority in the development plans of the beneficiary countries and which meet the requirements established by the rules for financing set out by the providers and agreed upon by the government concerned. In all cases, an official request from the government should be submitted to financials before it decides to participate in the financing. 2. Desk Review and Determination of the Project’s Scope Experts, each in his field of specialization, study all the documents available on the project Continue reading

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Pricing of Options

Options contracts, as well, must be evaluated to determine their worth. Although like any good or service, supply and demand for, say, options will affect the price; to understand the value underlying the price, we need to look deeper. Just as we would consider such factors as the quantity and quality of earnings, price-earnings ratio, and industry outlook, to determine the value of a firm; so we must use the various performance measures   to analyze options and futures. Their analysis is complicated by their relationship with the underlying instrument. The underlying asset price therefore is a critical ingredient in the valuation or pricing of options. A key ingredient in the pricing of options thus is the relationship of the option or future to the underlying security on or before expiration determines its value. The price of an option or a futures security will always be a function of the Continue reading

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Margin Turnover Model of Retail

Successful retail operations depend largely on two main dimensions: margin and turnover. How far a retail enterprise can reach in margin and turnover depends essentially on the type of business (product lines) and the style and scale of the operations. In addition the turnover ,also depends upon the professional competence of the enterprise. In a given business two retail companies may choose two different margin levels, and yet both may be successful, provided the strategy and style of management are appropriate. Margin Turnover Model Ronald R. Gist “Suggested a conceptual frame work, using margin and turnover, for understanding the retail structure and evolving a retail strategy.” Margin is defined as the percentage mark tip at which the inventory in the store is sold and turnover is the number of times the average inventory is sold in a year. Margin Turnover Model  is a diagrammatic representation of the frame work and Continue reading

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