The Co-operative bank has a history of almost 100 years. The Co-operative banks are an important constituent of the Indian Financial System, judging by the role assigned to them, the expectations they are supposed to fulfill, their number, and the number of offices they operate. The co-operative movement originated in the West, but the importance that such banks have assumed in India is rarely paralleled anywhere else in the world. Their role in rural financing continues to be important even today, and their business in the urban areas also has increased phenomenally in recent years mainly due to the sharp increase in the number of co-operative banks.… Read the rest
Indian Banking System
History of banking in India
There are three different phases in the history of banking in India.
- Pre-Nationalization Era.
- Nationalization Stage.
- Post Liberalization Era.
1. Pre-Nationalization Era:
In India the business of banking and credit was practices even in very early times. The remittance of money through Hundies, an indigenous credit instrument, was very popular. The hundies were issued by bankers known as Shroffs, Sahukars, Shahus or Mahajans in different parts of the country.
The modern type of banking, however, was developed by the Agency Houses of Calcutta and Bombay after the establishment of Rule by the East India Company in 18th and 19th centuries.… Read the rest
Challenges for Indian Banking System under Basel II
A feature, somewhat unique to the Indian financial system is the diversity of its composition. We have the dominance of Government ownership coupled with significant private shareholding in the public sector banks and we also have cooperative banks, Regional Rural Banks and Foreign bank branches. By and large the regulatory standards for all these banks are uniform.
Costly Database Creation and Maintenance Process: The most obvious impact of BASEL II is the need for improved risk management and measurement. It aims to give impetus to the use of internal rating system by the international banks. More and more banks may have to use internal model developed in house and their impact is uncertain.… Read the rest
Three Pillars of the Basel II Accord
While Basel I framework was confined to the prescription of only minimum capital requirements for banks, the Basel II framework expands this approach not only to capture certain additional risks in the minimum capital ratio but also includes two additional areas, viz. Supervisory Review Process and Market Discipline through increased disclosure requirements for banks.
The main purpose of Basel II framework is to create an international standard that banking regulators can use when creating regulations about how much capital banks need to put aside to guard against the types of financial and operational risks banks face while maintaining sufficient consistency so that this does not become a source of competitive inequality amongst internationally active banks. … Read the rest
Know Your Customer (KYC) Guidelines in Banking
Know Your Customer (KYC)
It is important, in these days of drugs smuggling, terrorism, financial fraud, money laundering and arms dealing that banks know whom their customers are. Banks must be comfortable with the bona fides and the integrity of their customers. The need increases as external people like general selling agents introduce a number of customers. Apart from this, in order to develop a long- term relationship, it is an imperative that the banker knows as much as possible about his customer.
What does KYC mean?It means that a banker should know his customers. He should know about their business and as far as possible the nature of their earnings and their moral standing.… Read the rest
The Concept of Debt Recovery Management
Banks were never so serious in their efforts to ensure timely recovery and consequent reduction of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) as they are today. It is important to remember that recovery management, be of fresh loans or old loans, is central to NPA management. This management process needs to start at the loan initiating stage itself. Effective management of recovery and Non-Performing Assets comprise two pronged strategy. First relates to arresting of the defaults and creation of NPA thereof and the second is to handling of loan delinquencies. The tenets of financial sector reforms were revolutionary which created a sense of urgency in the minds of staff of bank and gave them a message that either they perform or perish. … Read the rest