What are earnings and what is earnings management? Simply stated, earnings are the accounting profits of a company. Stakeholders (current or potential providers of debt and equity capital, employees, suppliers, customers, auditors, analysts, rating agencies, and regulators) use earnings to make important financial decisions. Many investors view earnings as value relevant data that is more informative than cash flow data. Others have suggested that current earnings are better predictors of future cash flows than are current cash flows. In the US, these profits are derived using Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) – a system based on the accrual method, which measures the performance and position of a company by recognizing economic events regardless of when cash transactions occur. The general idea is that economic events are recognized by matching revenues to expenses at the time in which the transaction occurs rather than when payment is made (or received). This methodContinue reading
Modern Management Practices
Shareholder Wealth Maximization Vs. Stakeholder Interest
Until now, the discussion between shareholder value perspective and stakeholder perspective has still been argued critically. Some people think that stakeholder interest should be superior over shareholder wealth maximization, but others argue that shareholder wealth maximization should be the prime concern. However, it is obvious to realize that shareholder wealth maximization is the objective of a firm and shareholder wealth maximization should be superior over stakeholder interest in the concern of the both shareholder interest and stakeholder interest. Firstly, it is necessary to understand some definitions of shareholder, stakeholder and the theory of shareholder and theory of stakeholder. Why there has been many debates between two theories ? Shareholder is an individual or corporation owning stock in a public or private company. Shareholder decides the membership of the board of directors by making a vote. Maximizing shareholder wealth means maximizing the flow of dividends to shareholders through time – thereContinue reading
Why Stakeholder Management is Important?
In order to justify why managing stakeholders is important to the organization, first, we have to clarify what is a stakeholder? A stakeholder is a person, group, or association that has a direct or indirect post in an organization because it can affect or be affected by the organization’s achievement objectives, and rules. Key stakeholders in a business organization include creditors, customers, administrations, employees, government (and its agencies), owners (shareholders), traders, unions, and the community from which the business gains its capital. A stakeholder can be dividing into primary and secondary groups. Primary stakeholders are important to the continued success of the organizational venture and include shareholders and investors, staff, contractors, customers, and suppliers. The secondary stakeholder can impact the business or are affected by the organizational venture. They are not involved in direct transactions with the company. Also, they are not directly critical to the survival of the businessContinue reading
What is Customer Analytics?
Data in any form is considered as the new gold in the 21st century. Organizations that primarily focus on data-driven approaches have the potential to be ahead of their respective game. One of the important and core objectives of any company would be to maintain a solid and strong relationship with its customers, understanding them and providing them what they want. Customer Analytics is this field of analytics, where one dives deep into the consumer data and brings about useful insights on their clients. Customer Analytics finds its utmost use in the marketing as well sales departments where the customer data is the key to understand the customer behavior for them chart their marketing as well advertising strategy. Customer Analytics supports business decision-making through targeting specific groups based on income groups, age groups, and customer segmentation as understanding customer groups would help the businesses to create more strong strategies forContinue reading
Visionary Leadership Style – Meaning, Benefits and Challenges
Visionary Leadership is defined as an operation to influence others in order to create a better future and solve problems in an innovative way. Visionary leaders are those which have the ability to see the capabilities in others have the tendency to lead them. This type of leadership style creates a positive momentum and endurance in an organization. However, the visionary leadership style is most effective when an organization needs a new and clear direction to follow. Employees or people who performed under visionary leaders always enjoy working with them and truly want themselves to reach their full potential and find meaning in their work. Visionary leaders are somewhere different from other leaders as they always inspire, encourage, empower and equip their team members for a better outcome. Therefore, if businesses is looking for moving to a next high level and takes on new initiatives or re-evaluate their vision, thenContinue reading
Moving to Blue Ocean Strategy – Shift from Red Ocean to Blue Ocean
In global market today, it can be supposed that there are two typical kinds of oceans: read oceans and blue oceans. Of two sorts of market, red oceans are defined as a known space for all existent industries nowadays. On the contrary, blue oceans are regarded as an unknown area for industries which do not exist. As a result, red oceans present all existing rules related to business competition and industrial regulations. This market defines and determines the boundaries for all games and rules. In this market, companies strive to compete with their competitors and rivals in order to gain better benefit and dominate more market share of current demand. Therefore, red oceans provide for space for enterprises to focus on their competition for decades. However, the space is limited while competitive battles are becoming increasingly fierce. There are more and more participants wanting to invest in the same products.Continue reading