Why Should Organizations Strive for a Gender-Balanced Workforce?

Gender balance in organizations refers to the equal representation and participation of individuals of different genders in various positions and roles within the organization. Striving for gender balance is not only a moral imperative but also a sound business strategy. It has been proven that organizations with a diverse and inclusive workforce perform better than those with a homogeneous workforce. In this essay, we will discuss the importance of gender balance in organizations and the ways in which organizations can strive to achieve gender balance.

The Importance of Gender Balance in Organizations Gender balance in organizations is critical for several reasons.… Read the rest

Theoretical Perspectives on Firm Internationalization

After the World War II, there has been rapid growth in international trade in both goods and services, resulting in various transactions across national borders for the purpose of satisfying the needs of individuals and organisations. The result of this global competition has forced organisations to expand their business by finding out new markets at home and foreign countries making them ‘Transnational firms’. Transnational Corporations (TNC) is defined as a firm that has power to co-ordinate and control operations in more than one country, even if it does not own them. The significance of TNC lies mainly in its ability to co-ordinate and control different transactions within transnational production networks, ability to take advantage of distribution factors of production and ability to be flexible in locations.… Read the rest

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) – Concept, Benefits and Weakness

For a sustainable growth and economic development of a country, innovation and creativity is a very important dimension. Industries and the global markets of the 21st century rest on the intellectual property protection as it is one of the central public policy. By the mid-1990s, a minimum global standard for IPR had been preserved in the WTO Charter through the incorporation of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).

The transfer in international economic policy and the lowering of tariff and non-tariff trade barriers to the embrace of strong IPR is genuinely an issue of controversy. Intellectual property rights (IPR) are legal claims settled by governments within their relevant sovereignties that grant trademark, patents and owners of copyright the exclusive right to exploit their intellectual property for a certain period.… Read the rest

Free Trade Zones – Definition and Meaning

In simple words, free trade means free international trade. The classical economists like Adam Smith, Ricardo and others strongly  favored  free trade and this doctrine held the field for nearly one hundred years. How ever later, the countries all over the world began to adhere to the policy of imposing restrictions in one form or other.

History and Development of Free Trade Zones

During the last 20 years, the labor charges in developed countries have increased substantially. According to a recent estimate, the labor cost is nearly 1 USD per hour for semi-skilled workers in most European Countries, U.S and Japan.… Read the rest

Issues of International Technology Transfers

International technology transfer is the process by which a technology, expertise, know how or facilities developed by one business organization (MNC in the case of international business) is transferred to another business organization. There are many  issues associated with the international technology transfer.  The most important international technology  transfer  issues are; ways of technology  acquisition, choice of technology, terms of technology transfer, and creating  local capability.

Modes of Foreign Technology Acquisition

One of the major issues in technology transfer relates to the mode of acquisition.  Developing new technology may conjure up visions of scientists and product  developers working in R&D laboratories.… Read the rest

Technology Transfer in International Business

Technology is a new variable in the equation of economic relations. Traditional  theories of international business assumes that all nations have equal access to technology and, therefore,  that there is no need to transfer technology from one county to another. Recent  research findings have invalidated this assumption. In addition, they point to  technology differences as primary cause of international inequalities in  economic achievements. To reduce the inequalities, technology capabilities of  the backward nations must be strengthened. The quickest way to do so is to  transfer technology from the developed to the developing nations.

Technology is any device or process used for productive purposes.… Read the rest