Frederick Taylor, known as the Father of Scientific Management, conducted many studies at Bethlehem Steel Company in Pittsburgh. His experience as an apprentice, a common labor, a foreman, a master mechanic, and then a chief engineer of a steel company gave Taylor an excellent opportunity to know first hand the problems and attitudes of workers and to see the great possibilities for improving the quality of management. To improve productivity, Taylor examined the time and motion details of a job, developed a better method for performing that job, and trained the workers. Taylor also offered a piece rate that increased as workers produced more. In 1911, published a book “Principles of Scientific Management” in which he proposed work methods designed to increase worker productivity. He defined management as art of knowing exactly what do you want to do and seeing that they do it and in the best and cheapestContinue reading
Abey Francis
Abey Francis, a freelance writer and a professional blogger who enjoys
the challenges of creativity and attention to detail. He has published
many articles and editorials regarding management on different blogs and online journals. His articles stimulate thinking of corporate managers
on key issues of organizations and management. His research interests
focus on international management, International trade finance,
Investment management, leadership, social capital and knowledge
management in enterprises and cross-culture studies.
Henri Fayol’s Principles of Management
Henri Fayol (1841-1925) who is known as the Father of Modern Management, was a French industrialist who developed a framework for studying management. He wrote “General and Industrial Management”. His five functions of managers were plan, organize, command, coordinate, and control. Classification of Business Activities According to Fayol, all activities could be classified into Technical (manufacturing or production) Commercial (buying, selling and exchange) Financial (search for and optimum use of capital) Security (protection of property and persons) Accounting (including statistics) and Managerial Henri Fayol’s Principles of Management His fourteen principles of management included division of work, authority and responsibility, discipline, unity of command, unity of direction, and subordination of individual interests to general interests, remuneration of personnel, centralization, scalar chain, order, equity, and stability of tenure of personnel, initiative, and esprit de corps (union is strength). 1. Division of Work The work of every person in the organization should beContinue reading
Relationship Between Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication
The communication process made of a message being sent and perceived by the others. The message may be verbal or non-verbal. Communication means talking, making friends, interacting with people, having relationships either private life relationships or work related. Communicating with others is essential in leading a normal life. We all communicate in our own way but we need to learn how to do it effectively. Communication has two types, there is verbal communication and non-verbal communication. The verbal is includes oral communication mean that through words and writing. Verbal communication is divided into written and oral communication. The oral communication refers to speaking words in the communication process. Oral communication can be face-to-face communication or a conversation over the phone or on the Messenger chat over the Internet. Spoken conversations or dialogues are affecting by voice modulation, volume and even the speed and clarity of speaking. The Another type ofContinue reading
The Importance of Non-Verbal Communication
Non-verbal communication refers to all those messages excluding spoken words. Those messages are body language such as gesture, facial expressions, eye contact and body posture. For instance, smile on our friends face on seeing us, before they utter even a greeting word, when we go to meet them after long time indicates that he or she is happy to see us. Touch is another cue of non-verbal communications. It helps in indicating a person’s feelings or expressions, closeness, and illustrates characteristics of that person. A firm and stiff handshake or warm and lovely hug signify obviously different than a loose one. Never the less, the sound, pitch, tone and volume of our voice while we are communicating can also be referred as forms of non-verbal communication. Voice use intonation, tone and vocally produced sounds. We use the pitch of voice to differentiate whether the sentence is a command, or adviceContinue reading
Application of General Rules of Law of Contracts to Life Insurance
A contract of insurance is a contract of utmost good faith technically known as uberrimae fide. The doctrine of disclosing all material facts is embodied in this important principles, which applies to all forms of insurance. The Proposer, who is one of the parties to the contract, is presumed to have means of knowledge, which are not accessible to the insurer, who is the other party to the contract. Therefore, the proposer is bound to tell the insurer, everything affecting the judgement of the insurer. In all contract of insurance, the proposer is bound to make full disclosure of all material facts and not merely those which he thinks material. Misrepresentation, non-disclosure or fraud in any document leading to acceptance of the risk automatically discharges the insurer from all liabilities under the contract. Application of General Rules of Law of Contracts to Life Insurance A contract of life insurance isContinue reading
Meaning of Life Insurance and Types of Life Insurance Policies
Life insurance is popularly referred to as life assurance. In the case of life insurance, the underwriter agrees to pay the assured or his heirs, a certain sum of money on death or on the happening of an event dependent upon human life in consideration of premiums paid by the assured. Section 2(11) of the Insurance Act, 1938 defines Life Insurance business as follows: “Life Insurance Business” is the business of effecting contracts of insurance upon human life, including any contract whereby the payment of money is assured on death (except death by accident only) or the happening of any contingency dependent on human life and any contract which is subject to the payment of premiums for a term dependent on human life and shall be deemed to include: The granting of disability and double or triple indemnity accident benefits if so provided in the contract of insurance. The grantingContinue reading