Participative Management – Workers Participation in Management

Human Resource Management

Case Study on Entrepreneurship: Larry Page

Business Analysis

The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

How to Meet Costa Rica’s 2026 VASP Requirements Without Expanding Headcount

General Business Articles

Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Isoquants or Equal Product Curves

Isoquant literally means equal quantity or the same amount of output. The Isoquant is a locus of points showing that different combinations of factor-inputs give the same quantity of output. The Isoquant is also called Equal Product Curve. Let us consider an Isoquant schedule. An Isoquant schedule shows that different combinations of factor inputs give same quantity of output. Factor Combination Units of Factor X Units of Factor Y Quantity of Output A 1 9 20 units B 2 6 20 units C 3 4 20 units D 4 3 20 units Let us plot the graph with factor X shown on the X-axis and factor Y on the Y-axis. Plotting the factor combinations; viz. points A, B, C and D respectively and joining these points we get the curve. This is an Isoquant representing 20 units of output. Thus different points on the same Isoquant curve show that different Continue reading

Abey Francis

Difference between Cash Credit and Overdraft

Cash credit  is  a short-term cash loan to a company.  A bank provides this type of funding, but  only after the required security is given to secure the loan. Once a security for repayment has been given, the business  that receives the loan can continuously draw from the bank up to a certain specified amount. This type of financing is similar to a line of credit. Furthermore, cash credit is a facility to withdraw the amount from the business account even though the account may not have enough credit balance. The limit of the amount that can be withdrawn is sanctioned by the bank based on the business cycle of the client and the working capital gap and the drawing power of the client. This drawing power is determined, based on the stock and book debts statements submitted by the borrower at monthly intervals against the security by hypothecating of Continue reading

Abey Francis

General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE)

Self-efficacy can be defined as an individual’s belief concerning their ability to meet desired outcomes in life and was first introduced by Albert Bandura. Bandura sets an establishment of relationship between a person’s own perceived self-efficacy and their attempt he/she is willing to expend to face challenges and goals throughout their life, specifically cognitive, affective, and motivational. The Cognitive Social Theory was framed by Bandura and his perceived self-efficacy which then became widespread as Mathias Jerusalem and Ralf Schwarzer established the one-dimensional, universal construct of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE). The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) was later created by Jerusalem and Schwarzer which was developed in German in 1979. It later was adapted into 26 other languages by a various number of co-authors and was originally twenty items but was reduced to 10 in 1981. Actions can be seen as preshaped in thought and once certain actions are thought of Continue reading

Abey Francis

Link Between Core Competency and Competitive Advantage

In order to explore the link between core competency and competitive advantage, it is crucial to understand the implications of both terms. Competitive advantage could imply exploitation of resources resulting in an organisation’s distinctive position compared to competition. While most firms view the attainment of competitive advantage as earning greater investment returns, it can comprise of various aspects, for instance, enhancing environmental impact or capturing a greater market share can be viewed as a source of competitive advantage for a particular firm. Porter (1985) defined competitive advantage as the value delivered by a firm’s products that exceeds costs of creating that value. In this context, competitive advantage was achieved by a firm through adoption of either a differentiation or cost leadership strategy. However, competitive advantage does not solely rely upon implementation of value creating activities as the notion undermines and sometimes ignores to account for the potential of competitors. Therefore Continue reading

Abey Francis

Business Objectives of Logistics Systems

The General objectives of the logistics can be summarized as: Cost reduction Capital reduction Service improvement The specific objective of an ideal logistics system is to ensure the flow of supply to the buyer, the: right product right quantities and assortments right places right time right cost / price and, right condition This implies that a firm will aim at having a logistics system which maximizes the customer service and minimizes the distribution cost. However, one can approximate the reality by defining the objective of logistics system as achieving a desired level of customer service i.e., the degree of delivery support given by the seller to the buyer. Thus, logistics management starts with as curtaining customer need till its fulfillment through product supplies and, during this process of supplies, it considers all aspects of performance which include arranging the inputs, manufacturing the goods and the physical distribution of the products. Continue reading

Abey Francis

Risk Management Principles for Electronic Banking- Basel Committee Recommendations

Continuing technological innovation and competition among existing banking organisations and new entrants have allowed for a much wider array of banking products and services to become accessible and delivered to retail and wholesale customers through an electronic distribution channel collectively referred to as e-banking. However, the rapid development of e-banking capabilities carries risks as well as benefits. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision expects such risks to be recognised, addressed and managed by banking institutions in a prudent manner according to the fundamental characteristics and challenges of e-banking services. These characteristics include the unprecedented speed of change related to technological and customer service innovation, the ubiquitous and global nature of open electronic networks, the integration of e-banking applications with legacy computer systems and the increasing dependence of banks on third parties that provide the necessary information technology. While not creating inherently new risks, the Committee noted that these characteristics increased Continue reading

Abey Francis