Organizational Health – Concept, Dimensions, and Characteristics

Management Concepts

Organizational Health Approach – Building a Strong Workplace

Modern Management Concepts

Participative Management – Workers Participation in Management

Human Resource Management

Case Study on Entrepreneurship: Larry Page

Business Analysis

The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

Export Pricing

Pricing for export is different than domestic pricing. Additional consideration needs to be given to the cost of modifying product or support materials for the foreign market, the logistics of getting the product to the foreign market, insuring the product, financing costs, transportation and other costs unique to exports such as long-distance communication costs and exchange rates. As pricing strategy is a key component of an export-marketing plan, the pricing structure has to be an integral part of the marketing objectives. These will vary depending on the target overseas markets. For example, a firm might regard the foreign market as a secondary market and consequently have lower expectations regarding market share and sales volume. Pricing decisions are naturally affected by such views. An exporter must thoroughly evaluate all the variables that have a bearing on the price for the product/service may not sell. On the other hand, too low a Continue reading

Abey Francis

Cost-Benefit Analysis in Industrial Pricing

To formulate an appropriate industrial pricing strategy it is very essential to have an  analysis of the costs and benefits of the industrial product from the customer’s  point of view. The benefits can be grouped into soft and hard benefits. Soft benefits includes  those benefits which are very difficult to assess, such as customer training,  warranty period, customer services, company reputation etc.  Hard benefits are the physical attributes of the products such as production rate  of machine, rejection rate of component and price/performance ratio. The costs for an industrial customer mean price plus other expenses that are  incurred in purchasing and using the product. For example, the cost of a new oil  refinery machine purchased by oil mill includes price, freight, installation,  energy usage, repair and maintenance. The cost of production stoppage due to  failure of machine may also be included while calculating the machine cost  though it is difficult Continue reading

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Importance of Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio)

Price to Earnings Ratio The most popular ratio used to assess the value of the equity is the company’s price equity ratio abbreviated as P/E ratio. It is calculated as the ratio of the firm’s current stock price divided by the earnings per share (EPS). The inverse of the P/E ratio is referred to as the earnings yield. Clearly the price earning and the earnings yield are required to measure the same thing.   In practice earnings yield less commonly stated and used than P/E ratios. P/E Ratio =   Market Value per Share/ Earnings per Share (EPS) Since most companies report earnings each quarter annual earnings per share can be calculated as the most recently quarterly earnings per share times four or as the sum of the last four quarterly earnings per share figures. Most analysts prefer the first method of multiplying the latest quarterly earnings per share value Continue reading

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Term Loans as a Project Financing Method

Project financing may be defined as the raising of funds required to finance a capital  investment proposal which is economically separable. The assets, contracts cash flows  are separated from the parent company and the assets acquired for the projects serve as  collateral for loans. The repayments are made from the revenue generated from the  projects. Also, the lending institution has to ensure that the  investment on the proposed project will generate sufficient returns on the investments  made and that loan amount disbursed for the implementation of the project will be  recovered along with interest within a reasonable period of time. Term loans are meant for tying up the capital cost of the project. The primary source of such loans is  financial institutions. Commercial banks also provide term finance in a limited way. The  financial institutions provide project finance for new projects as also for  expansion/diversification and modernization, whereas the bulk Continue reading

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Concept of Data Processing

Data is defined as any collection of facts. Thus, sales reports, inventory figures, test scores, customers’ names and addresses, and weather reports are all examples of data. Note that data may be numerical (e.g, inventory figures and test scores) or they may be numerical (e.g. , names of students and addresses, drawings). Data processing is the manipulation of data into a more useful form. It is the modern name for paperwork and involves the collecting, processing, and distributing of facts and figures to achieve a desired result. Data processing includes not only numerical calculations but also operations such as the classification of data and the transmission of data from one place to another. In general, we assume that these operations are performed by some type of machine or computer, although some of them could also be carried out manually. Data processing system refers to the equipment or devices and procedures Continue reading

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Employee Assistance Program (EAP)

Employee Assistance Programmes (EAPs)  are used to make professional help available to the employees. Typical Employee Assistance Programmes  offer assistance to employees in such areas as alcoholism, drug abuse, emotional stress, family problems and financial indebtedness. Although research findings tend to vary, it is believed that EAPs are valuable contributors to both employees and employers. First of all, giving employee assistance is simply the right thing to do from the standpoint of humanity, and there are some cost-benefit arguments in favor of EAPS. Certainly, the resolution of personal problems tends to make the employee a more effective contributor to employer objectives. That is, money spent on abating alcoholism among the workforce is perceived to be cheaper than money spent on ineffective performance, lost time, illness and death on the part of employees suffering from the disease of alcoholism. Characteristics of an effective EAP The EAP should be staffed with competent Continue reading

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