Case Study on Entrepreneurship: Larry Page

Business Analysis

The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Gantt Charts – Tool for Project Planning and Scheduling

Project Management

Kaizen – Understanding the Japanese Business Philosophy of Continuous Improvement

Operations Management

Functional Organization – Meaning and Features

Functional organization is technically called functional foreman-ship because the function itself becomes a supervisor and the employees automatically perform their respective duties.   The emphasis of functional organization structure is on operations rather than on management.   Functional organization is commonly used in business organizations.   The spirit of organization, which involves grouping tasks together and allocating them to genuine employees is observed in functional organization. Functional sets like marketing, finance, production and personal are grouped systematically. Departments and sub departments are developed according to the requirements of the business.   Functional organization is the basic building block or module from which other forms of organization are built. Functional organization is characterized by function, sub-goal emphasis, division of work, functional relationship, centralization and decentralization, span of control, divisionalization of product and regionalization.   All employees are not equal; they have distinctive and special interests in different activities, while some of Continue reading

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Case Study: Pepsi’s Fast-Food Troika

The mid-1990’s were not particularly kind to Pepsi Co.   Its flagship Pepsi product was losing ground to Coke in the United States and abroad, and Diet Pepsi had slipped to fourth among soft drinks (behind Coca-Cola’s Sprite citrus soda). Even the fast-food chains that had provided Pepsi with substantial revenue growth over the prior two decades — Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, and Kentucky Fried Chicken — were experiencing declining revenues.   Only the Frito-Lay snack division continued to outperform its rivals.   In 1997 Pepsi spun off its fast-food operations into an independent company called Tricon. When it acquired Pizza Hut and Taco Bell in the 1970s, Pepsi seemed intent on becoming the world’s largest fast-food vendor.   After it successfully digested the pizza and taco chains, it was widely expected to further expand its fast-food empire.   By the mid-1980s, Pepsi’s next target was rumored to be Wendy’s Continue reading

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Note Issuance Facility (NIF)

Note Issuance Facility (NIF)  offers a good mix of capital market and syndicated loan operations.  Note Issuance Facility is a usual medium term, floating rate, funding instrument – it is a long-term position for the investor who has shifted their performance for short term in view of the country risks of some less developed countries. NIF is a medium term arrangement under which borrowers can issue short term papers (called a Euro note) with the underwriting support of the commercial banks. The different names given to these main facilities with some variation in its terms are revolving underwriting facility(RUF), short-term note issuance facility (SNIP), transferable revolving underwriting facility (TRUF) and Note Purchase Facility (NPF).  Note Issuance Facility is the legally binding commitments of the underwriting banks to support funding for a period of say, five years. Mechanism and Documentation of  Note Issuance Facility (NIF) The issuer of Note Issuance Facility Continue reading

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Levels of Organizational Change Programs

The various  levels of organizational change programs may be classified into individual  level changes, group level changes and organisational level changes. Individual Level Change Programs Individual level changes may take place due to changes in job  assignment, transfer of an employee to a different location or the changes in the  maturity level of a person which occurs over a passage of time. The general  opinion is that change at the individual level will not have significant  implications for the organisation. But this is not correct because individual level  changes will have impact on the group which in turn will influence the whole  organisation. Therefore, a manager should never treat the employees in  isolation but he must understand that the individual level change will have  repercussions beyond the individual. Group Level Change Programs Management must consider group factors while implementing any  change, because most of the organisational changes have their major Continue reading

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Introduction to Services

A service is the non-ownership equivalent of a good. Service provision has been defined as an  economic activity that does not result in ownership and is claimed to be a process that creates benefits  by facilitating either a change in customers, a change in their physical possessions, or a change in their  intangible assets.  By composing and orchestrating the appropriate level of resources, skill, ingenuity and experience for  effecting specific benefits for service consumers, service providers participate in an economy without  the restrictions of carrying stock (inventory) or the need to concern themselves with bulky raw  materials. On the other hand, their investment in expertise does require consistent service marketing  and upgrading in the face of competition which has equally few physical restrictions. Many so-called  services, however, require large physical structures and equipment, and consume large amounts of  resources, such as transportation services and the military. Service Characteristics A service Continue reading

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards In accounting, for every basis, identification and measurement of the elements of financial statement and the impact of the circumstances and financial status and work results should be defined in a form of standards. These standards are like the rules for accounting in any country. That is why they denote what should be mentioned in any company’s accounts. Moreover, they guarantee that certain cases, approaches and requirements are taken into account normally. In addition, they help people who are interested in investment to make decisions by ensuring that they get appropriate information needed. This is the idea behind accounting standards. When we talk about accounting standards, the main thing that comes under them is the accounting report. According to the  International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC), accounting reports are documents filled out by brokers that give details and facts about a new client’s financial circumstances and investment objectives. The Continue reading

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