Centralization – Meaning, Advantages and Disadvantages

Centralization of Authority In any business organization, concentration of authority and powers in the hands of top management is referred to as centralization, everything which goes to reduce the importance of subordinates role in an organization is known as centralization. In such a type of office organization, the authority and powers of each and every activity lies in the hands of top few, say office manager and his immediate subordinate, and other subordinates play the second and subsequent fiddles. In fact, they are not to play any role. Instead they asked to work and only work according to the dictates of what the boss wants and orders. Centralization of the powers in respect of planning and control in not a new thing in any management. But centralization refers to the reduction of subordinates to a naught. Thus, treatment accorded to them is only that of a machine. Subordinates are asked Continue reading

Why Stakeholder Management is Important?

In order to justify why managing stakeholders is important to the organization, first, we have to clarify what is a stakeholder? A stakeholder is a person, group, or association that has a direct or indirect post in an organization because it can affect or be affected by the organization’s achievement objectives, and rules. Key stakeholders in a business organization include creditors, customers, administrations, employees, government (and its agencies), owners (shareholders), traders, unions, and the community from which the business gains its capital. A stakeholder can be dividing into primary and secondary groups. Primary stakeholders are important to the continued success of the organizational venture and include shareholders and investors, staff, contractors, customers, and suppliers. The secondary stakeholder can impact the business or are affected by the organizational venture. They are not involved in direct transactions with the company. Also, they are not directly critical to the survival of the business Continue reading

Case Study: Reasons Behind the Collapse of Research in Motion (RIM)

Jim Balsillie and Mike Lazaridis are running Research in Motion (RIM) as co-CEOs since 1993 successfully until 2011 and the company had been through a turbulent year. Analysts and investors believe that co-CEOs are ruining the company. Lazaridis takes care of the technical side (Engineering & R&D) and Balsillie is responsible for the Finance, sales and marketing.  Lazardis built Blackberry, a device which was a new type of wireless handheld solution  for companies and it created an uncontested market space with in the enterprise segment and companies saved time and money because employees can access email almost from any place at any time without having to go back to the office. Balsille sold the device successfully to Companies and Governments and created an uncontested market space with in the enterprise segment, reaching beyond existing demand to unlock a new mass of customers (B2B) that did not exist before and aggressively Continue reading

Social Innovation Concept – Fair Trade

Community and its citizens require protection from exploitation from a business person. The social innovation is one of the approaches to deal with this problem. It is the act of coming up with concepts and deploying them to resolve problems in aid to social development. The non-profit sector plays an essential role in fostering and implementing social innovation. These non-profit sectors involve themselves in policymakers, academics, practitioners and general community engagement. The sector emphases on changing the power structure to benefit defenseless groups in the society. In other words, it helps the community to have bargaining power in the economic or social life. The community engagement is the act of involving the general public in decision making on matters affecting their life. The following are categories of community engagement theory: Planning and Decision Making, Community Development, and Engaging People in Service Delivery. In Planning and Decision Making, this is where Continue reading

The Role of Big Data in Marketing

Big data is large and complex data sets that are collected by companies and governments. The data that involve many types of information arriving in increasing volumes and with the incredibly fast rates. Big data signifies colossal volumes of data are being generated from assorted sources such as business processes, machines networks, and social media. Historically, it is a challenge to reserve the enormous volume of data, by the progression computing capacity that storage is not an issue anymore. Big data can be classified into three types of data which is structured data, unstructured data, and semi-structured data. The structured data being easily entered, processed, queried, stored and recover into a fixed format. The typical examples of structured data contain numbers and dates. The unstructured data cannot be fit or classified into a net box and the process and analysis are very hard and time-consuming. For instance, objects from blogs, Continue reading

Rate of Exchange Under Different Monetary Standards

The term ‘rate of exchange‘ expresses the price of one currency in terms of another. Thus, it indicates the exchange ratio between the currencies of two countries. Suppose for example, one Indian Rupee is equal to 13 USA Cents. This implies that in the exchange market, one Indian Rupee will fetch 13 Cents. Just as the price of a commodity is determined by its demand and supply conditions, the price of a foreign currency (i.e., the rate of an exchange) is also determined on the basis of demand and supply of the currency. In fact, the rate of exchange of a currency will keep on changing in the foreign exchange market, due to changes in demand and supply conditions of the currency. In this section we shall study about exchange rate varies under different monetary standards. Rate of Exchange Under the Gold Standard: Under the Gold Standard the monetary authorities Continue reading