Participative Management – Workers Participation in Management

Human Resource Management

Case Study on Entrepreneurship: Larry Page

Business Analysis

The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

How to Meet Costa Rica’s 2026 VASP Requirements Without Expanding Headcount

General Business Articles

Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Put Option

An option is a contract, which gives the buyer the right to buy or sell foreign currency at a specific price, on or before a specific date. For this, the buyer has to pay to the seller some money, which is called as premium. There is no obligation on the buyer to complete the transaction if the price is not favorable to him. Whenever a person has an intention to sell foreign currency by paying a premium amount immediately and settling the same on a later date, it is known as a Put Option. Put Option has two parties, one a buyer of a Put Option and other a seller of a Put Option. Example: Mr. A is interested in selling a US Dollar. Spot rate is US$ 1 = 45.50. Mr. A believes that some 15 days down the line, with the budget coming up, the price of the Continue reading

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Secure Electronic Transaction (SET)

Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) is a standard protocol for securing credit card transactions over insecure networks, specifically, the Internet. SET is not itself a payment system, but rather a set of security protocols and formats that enables users to employ the existing credit card payment infrastructure on an open network in a secure fashion. Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) was developed by VISA and MasterCard (involving other companies such as GTE, IBM, Microsoft, Netscape, RSA and VeriSign) starting in 1996. SET is based on X.509 certificates with several extensions. SET uses a blinding algorithm that, in effect, lets merchants substitute a certificate for a user’s credit-card number. This allows traders to credit funds from clients’ credit cards without the need of the credit card numbers. SET makes use of cryptographic techniques such as digital certificates and public key cryptography to allow parties to identify themselves to each other and exchange information Continue reading

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Taxation Aspects of Multinational Corporations in India

Foreign non-resident business entities may have business activities in a variety of  ways. In its simplest form this can take the form of individual transactions in the nature of  exports or import of goods, lending or borrowing of money, sale of technical know how to an  Indian enterprise, a foreign air-liner touching an Indian airport and booking cargo or  passengers, etc. various tax issues arise on accounts of such activities. The government wants  to encourage foreign enterprises to engage in certain types of business activities in India,  which in its opinion its desirable for achieving a balanced economic growth. This takes us to  the last aspect of activities which enjoy tax incentives in India. The related issues about the  taxation of the Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are as follows: 1. Taxation of Transactions and Operations of MNCs in India Taxation of transactions and operations of MNCs fully depends on the definition Continue reading

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Benefits of Cost Volume Profit Analysis

Every organization needs to calculate future revenues in order to help the managers carry out their operations effectively. Cost volume is the approach used for this purpose. Cost Volume Profit analysis or CVP analysis helps in identifying the operating activity levels with a purpose to avoid any kind of losses and achieve profits. Moreover, it also helps the companies to plan their future operations and see whether their organizational performance is going on the right track or not. While conducting a business, the companies also have to face various risks and in order to counter those risks, CVP analysis is an effective tool. Cost volume profit analysis can also help the organizations in calculating the breakeven point which is the point at which the profits become equal to zero. This can be done by finding the break even volume and then using it to make graphical representations. The break even Continue reading

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Relationship Between Firm Performance and Competitive Advantage

The firm performance is a complex term which may include different shadows of meaning as long as it relates to organizational performance, functioning of the firm and outcomes of its operations. Normally, the firm performance implies the organizational performance, including manufacturing of products and services, functioning of different units of the firm, performance of its employees and outcomes of their work in total. At the same time, the firm performance can be viewed in a broader context as a part of the business development of the firm. What is meant here is the fact that the business development mirrors the firm’s performance and allows to assess the extent to which the organizational performance is effective. At this point, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that the firm’s performance is basically measured in terms of efficiency of the firm’s operations. In fact, the more effective the firm’s operations Continue reading

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Marketing Logistics – Meaning, Components and Importance

Logistics is a military term that refers to the management of various activities like transportation, inventory, warehousing right from the stage of processing  the raw materials by the manufacturer to convert it into finished goods till they  are made available to the customer for use. While logistics management helps to  optimize the flow of material within the organization, supply chain management crosses the boundaries of organization extending material flow integration upwards to suppliers and also descending down to customers. Logistics basically represents two primary product movements, (i) Physical  supply, concerned with supply of raw materials, component parts, and other  related supplies necessary for the manufacturing process. This comes under the  purchase function (Materials Management) and (ii) Physical distribution,  concerned with delivering the finished product to customers and the middlemen.  This comes under the marketing management that is also called as Marketing  Logistics. From the point of view of management, marketing Continue reading

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