Participative Management – Workers Participation in Management

Human Resource Management

Case Study on Entrepreneurship: Larry Page

Business Analysis

The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

How to Meet Costa Rica’s 2026 VASP Requirements Without Expanding Headcount

General Business Articles

Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Appropriate Capital Structure

An Appropriate Capital Structure  is that capital structure at that level of debt — equity proportion where the market value per share is maximum and the cost of capital is minimum.  It is important for a company to have an appropriate capital structure. Features of an Appropriate Capital Structure Return- The capital structure of the company should be most advantageous subject to other considerations it should generate maximum returns to the shareholders without adding cost to them. Risk- The use of excessive debt threatens the solvency of the company. To the point debt does not add significant risk it should be used otherwise its use should be avoided. Flexibility- The capital structure should be possible for a company to adapt its capital structure with a minimum cost and delay if warranted by a changed situation. It should also be possible for the company to provide funds whenever needed to finance Continue reading

Abey Francis

Capital Structure and Risk-Return Tradeoff

The capital structure of a firm should be designed in such a way that it keeps the total risk of the firm to the minimum level. The financial or capital structure decision of a firm to use a certain proportion of debt or otherwise in the capital mix involves two types of risks: Financial Risk: The financial risk arise on account of the use of debt or fixed interest bearing securities in its capital. A company with no debt financing has no financial risk. The extent of financial risk depends on the leverage of the firm’s capital structure. A firm using debt in it capital has to pay fixed interest charges and the lack of ability to pay fixed interest increases the risk of liquidation. The financial risk also implies the variability of earning available to equity shareholders. Non-Employment of Debt Capital (NEDC) Risk: If a firm does not use Continue reading

Abey Francis

Role of Credit Default Swaps in Subprime Crisis

Background of Subprime Crisis The immediate cause or trigger of the crisis was the bursting of the United States housing bubble which peaked in approximately 2005-2006. High default rates on “subprime” and adjustable rate mortgages (ARM) began to increase quickly thereafter. An increase in loan incentives such as easy initial terms and a long-term trend of rising housing prices had encouraged borrowers to assume difficult mortgages in the belief they would be able to quickly refinance at more favorable terms. However, once interest rates began to rise and housing prices started to drop moderately in 2006-2007 in many parts of the U.S., refinancing became more difficult. Defaults and foreclosure activity increased dramatically as easy initial terms expired, home prices failed to go up as anticipated, and ARM interest rates reset higher. Foreclosures accelerated in the United States in late 2006 and triggered a global financial crisis through 2007 and 2008. Continue reading

Abey Francis

Elements of an Advertising Layout

An advertising copy is the means by which the advertiser’s ideas are given expression to in a message to readers. Regardless of its length and brevity copy refers to all the reading matters of an advertisement, including the headline, sub-headlines, text or body, and the name of the firm or the standard initials of the advertiser. As we have seen that advertising has so many immediate purposes but its ultimate goal is to stimulate sales. As a reader turns the pages of a magazine or newspaper, he notices so many advertisements but a great variation in copy. Some copy may be so sticking that the reader takes immediate action and rush to the nearest dealer to purchase it while there may be some other copy or copies that he does not like or it does not click to his mind. The first copy conforms to the requisites of a good Continue reading

Abey Francis

The Importance of Making Time for Yourself During Your First Year of College

The first year of college often brings excitement, challenges, and a whirlwind of activities. Amidst the bustle of classes, new friendships, and extracurriculars, one critical aspect often gets sidelined: making time for oneself. This personal time is not just a luxury but an essential factor in student success and well-being. Keep reading to discover why prioritizing yourself can make all the difference in your collegiate journey. Strategies for Balancing Academics and Self-Care Mastering the art of balancing academics and self-care is a key skill for any successful student. It begins with effective time management, which involves setting clear priorities and boundaries. Students should allocate specific time slots for studying and separate those designated for relaxation. This approach avoids blurring the lines between work and leisure, making each more effective. Creating a routine can help enforce these boundaries, giving structure to study sessions and downtime. Furthermore, using tools such as planners Continue reading

Abey Francis

Relationship between Strategy Formulation and Strategic Planning

The word “strategy” or “strategic” is used in both terms, there is a possibility of confusion. The distinction is that strategy formulation is the process of deciding on new strategies, whereas strategic planning is the process of deciding how to implement the strategies. In the strategy formulation process, management arrives at the goals of the organization and creates the main strategies for achieving those goals. The strategic planning process then takes the goals and strategies as given and develops programs that will carry out the strategies and achieve the goals efficiently and effectively, The decision by an industrial goods manufacturer to diversify into consumer goods is a strategy formulation, a strategic decision, after which a number of implementation issues have to be resolved: whether to diversify through acquisition or through organic growth, what product lines to emphasize, whether to make or to buy, which marketing channels to use the document Continue reading

Abey Francis