Management Principles

Systems Approach to Management

Systems approach to management developed after 1950. Many pioneers during as E.L Trist, AK Ria, F.E. Kast, and R.A Johnsm have made significant contributions to this approach.

This systems approach looks upon the management as a ‘System’ of as an organized whole make up of sub-systems integrated into a unity or orderly totality. The attention should be given so overall effectiveness of the system rather than effectiveness of any sub-system if isolation. It took where management process school left off in attempting to unify management theory. It emphasizes the inter-relatedness and inter-dependence of all activities within an organisation. It is based on system analysis.… Read the rest

Abey Francis

The Behavioral Science Approach to Management

The behavioral science approach to management  focuses on the psychological and sociological processes (attitude, motivations, group dynamics) that influence employee performance. While the classical approach focuses on the job of workers, the behavioral approach focuses on the workers in these jobs. Workers desisted the formal and impersonal approach of classical writers. Behavioral approach started in 1930.

This gave rise to the Behavioral  science approach to management. Two branches contributed to the Behavioral approach.

  1. Human Relations Movements:  The human relations movement refers to the approach to management and worker productivity that takes into account a person’s motivation, satisfaction, and relationship with others in the workplace.  
… Read the rest
Abey Francis

Management Principles: Principle of Bureaucracy

According to the name bureaucracy theory was evolved by the German sociologist Max Weber (1864-1920). The principle of bureaucracy is based upon hierarchy of authority and web of rules and relations. It visualizes a machine model of organisation characterized by impersonal control over human beings.

Characteristics of  Principle of Bureaucracy
  1. A well-defined hierarchy of authority with clear lines of authority and control and responsibility concentrated at the top of the hierarchy.
  2. A high degree of specialization.
  3. A division of work based on functional departmentalization.
  4. A system of rules covering the rights and duties of employees.
  5. A definite system of procedures for dealing with the work situation and “rationally” coordinating activities.
… Read the rest
Abey Francis

Nature and Importance of Managerial Principles by Henri Fayol

Henri Fayol was one of the most influential contributors to modern concepts of management. Fayol has been described as the father of modern operational management theory. Like Socrates, Fayol suggested that management is a universal human activity that applies equally well to the family as it does to the corporation. Fayol’s career began as a mining engineer. He then moved into research geology and in 1888 joined, Comambault as Director. Comambault was in difficulty but Fayol turned the operation round. On retirement he published his work – a comprehensive theory of administration – described and classified administrative management roles and processes then became recognized and referenced by others in the growing discourse about management.… Read the rest

Abey Francis

Frederick Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management

Frederick Winslow Taylor well-known as the founder of scientific management was the first to recognize and emphasis the need for adopting a scientific approach to the task of managing an enterprise. He tried to diagnose the causes of low efficiency in industry and came to the conclusion that much of waste and inefficiency is due to the lack of order and system in the methods of management. He found that the management was usually ignorant of the amount of work that could be done by a worker in a day as also the best method of doing the job. As a result, it remained largely at the mercy of the workers who deliberately shirked work.… Read the rest

Abey Francis

Important Characteristics of Management

An analysis of the various definitions of management indicates that management has certain characteristics. The following are the salient characteristics of management.

1. Management aims at reaping rich results in economic terms: Manager’s primary task is to secure the productive performance through planning, direction and control. It is expected of the management to bring into being the desired results. Rational utilisation of available resources to maximise the profit is the economic function of a manager. Professional manager can prove his administrative talent only by economising the resources and enhancing profit.

According to Kimball – “management is the art of applying the economic principles that underlie the control of men and materials in the enterprise under consideration”.… Read the rest

Abey Francis