Level of Involvement in Consumer Behavior

Consumer involvement is considered as an important variable that can  help explain how consumers process the information and how this information  might influence their purchase or consumption related behavior. However,  there is wide agreement that the degree of involvement has a very significant  effect on consumer behavior. Herbert Krugman, a researcher is credited with his contribution to the concept of consumer involvement. According to him, consumers approach the marketplace and the corresponding product/service offerings with varying levels and intensity of interest and personal importance. This is referred to as consumer involvement. Involvement variables are believed to precede involvement and  influence its nature and extent. These variables are believed to be the  sources that interact with each other to precipitate the level of consumers  involvement at any particular time and situation.  The extent of risk perception the consumer has with purchase decision  can also influence the level of involvement. The perceived Continue reading

Parties to Various Types of Negotiable Instruments

Parties to various types of Negotiable Instruments: Drawer” or Drawee: The maker of a bill of exchange or cheque is called the “drawer”; the person thereby directed to pay is called the “drawee”. Drawee in case of need: When in the bill or in any endorsement thereon the name of any person is given in addition to the drawee to be resorted to in case of need such person is called a “drawee in case of need”. Acceptor: After the drawee of a bill has signed his assent upon the bill, or, if there are more parts thereof than one, upon one of such parts, and delivered the same, or given notice of such signing to the holder or to some person on this behalf, he is called the “acceptor”. Acceptor for honor: When a bill of exchange has been noted or protested for non-acceptance or for better security, and Continue reading

Strains and Challenges Faced by Indian Banking Sector

Liberalization process has increasingly exposed Indian Industry to international competition and banking being a service industry is also not an exception. Banking Sector in India too faces same strains and challenges at local, national and international level. Indian Banks, functionally diverse and geographically widespread, have played a crucial role in the socio-economic progress of the country after independence. However, the growth led to strains in the operational efficiency of banks and the accumulation of non-performing assets (NPA’s) in their loan portfolios. Banks face increasing pressure to stand out from the crowd. On the Internet, this means offering your target customers an increasingly broader range of services than your competitors and that too in unique way. All this has resulted in a challenge to managers of banks to develop the right mix of acquired and internally grown IT applications which suits customer’s expectations. Banking sector reforms and liberalization process raised many Continue reading

Competitive Advantages of International Business

Competition has always been central to the agenda of firms. It has become one of the enduring themes of our times and the rising intensity of competition has continued until this day thereby spreading to more and more countries. As a result of globalization, most industries with the topics of international business and competitive advantage have received much attention from business executives, public policy makers and scholars in recent years. This; in conjunction with the rise of global competitors has helped to explain why a country’s competitive advantage can be determined by the strength of its business firms. This has resulted in numerous rankings, where industries and firms are compared on a global scale to see which are the most competitive. Most firms prefer to compete in the business environment so that it will help determine the competitive advantage of the country in which they operate. A firm’s ability to Continue reading

Foreign Capital

Foreign capital or investment has become significant part of sources of funding for various projects in every country. This source of funding has received the attention of both the government as well as the corporate sector that there has been increasing reliance on this source for planning and execution of projects by the government as well as the corporate sector. Foreign capital can come into a country in different forms. Let us first understand these forms of foreign capital before discussing the need for foreign capital. Forms of Foreign Capital Direct Entrepreneurial Investment: In this form of foreign capital, the foreign investors can start a company abroad mainly for the purpose of establishing its branches and subsidiaries in other countries. For instance an American business group may invest in a new project in India directly and start its own affiliate or branch or even a subsidiary. Sometimes, the investors abroad Continue reading

Computer Based Information Systems (CBIS) – Meaning and Types

Information needs for business managers tend to be similar for most businesses when one considers the same level of management. There are usually three levels of managers whose information needs are slightly different from each other. These include operational managers, middle managers, and executive or senior managers. Computer based information systems provide the information needed by the aforementioned categories of managers, which assists them in their work. The following are the information needs of the three categories of managers. Operational managers usually benefit from such systems by getting all the information related to the short-term or daily operations of the organization. For instance, the computer based information systems provides such managers with information related to attendance of employees, shifts of employees, and so forth. Such information helps operational managers make structured business decisions. On the other hand, middle management benefits from a computer based information systems by getting managerial or Continue reading