Role of Management Accounting Information in Strategy Formulation

Management accounting can be defined as a process of providing appropriate information primarily intended to assist managers in making better decisions. In previous years, management accounting techniques like traditional budgeting, cost-volume-profit analysis, standard costing and variance analysis, were adaptable to the business environment when product varieties were few, competition was low, overhead costs were relatively low, automated processes were minimal and firms were mostly labor intensive. However, many businesses and environments began to evolve as a result of technological changes, globalization and changing customer mix. Authors identified inadequacies in these techniques, when used as tools in planning and control decisions. Awareness amongst companies on the need to achieve excellence in manufacturing/service delivery and use such an achievement as a strategy to compete effectively grew. Companies started linking their strategies with reduction in production and inventory costs, quality improvement and innovation, reduction in lead times and increased flexibility in meeting individual Continue reading

Booking of Forward Exchange Contracts and Exchange Control Regulations

Forward exchange contract is a device which can afford adequate protection to an importer or an exporter against exchange risk. Under a forward exchange contract a banker and a customer or another banker enter into a contract to buy or sell a fixed amount of foreign currency on a specified future date as a predetermined rate of exchange. Our exporter, for instance, instead of groping in the dark or making a wild guess about what the future rate would be, enters into a contract with his banker immediately. He agrees to sell foreign exchange of specified amount and currency at a specified future date. The banker on his part agrees to buy this at a specified rate of exchange. The exporter is thus assured of his price in the local currency. In our example, the exporter may enter into a forward contract with the bank for 3 months delivery at Continue reading

Country Similarity Theory of International Trade

Country similarity theory was developed by a Swedish economist named Steffan Linder. Country similarity refers to what? Is it similarity of location or culture or political/ economic interests or technological capability (that is acquired advantage) or natural advantage or lack of it? Traditional trade theories speak of difference in demand or supply conditions or both as a necessary condition for trade between countries. That is, the traditional trade theories are built upon differences. But the country similarity theory is built of identical features of nations in trade. 8 out of top 10 trading partners of the USA are developed economies. Globally 11 out of 12 largest players in world trade are developed nations. Developed countries trade more with developed countries: Products of a developed country match demand and user conditions of another developed country only. Hence the similarity in development pace decides trade between countries. The reasoning is that a Continue reading

Adjusted Book Value Method of Corporate Valuation

In recent years, management consulting firms have started offering companies advice on how to increase value. This has been possible because of the fear of hostile takeovers. Companies have increasingly turned to “value consultants” to tell them how to restructure, increase value, and avoid being taken over. The consultants suggestions have often provided the basis for the restructuring of these firms. The value of a firm can be directly related to decisions that it makes: on which projects it takes, on how it finances them, and on its dividend policy. Understanding this relationship is key to making value increasing decisions and to sensible financial restructuring. Adjusted Book Value Approach to Corporate Valuation The adjusted book value method of corporate valuation  involves estimation of the market value of the assets and liabilities of the firm as a going concern. It is a pointer to the liquidation value of the firm. It Continue reading

Usage and Privacy Concerns of Ubiquitous Connections in Retail Industry

It has become essential for organizations across the world to deploy the latest technology and information systems to understand customers and answer real business problems whilst delivering the best service to their customers. As economies are moving towards a more digitalized ecosystem, the value of data has grown exponentially. Businesses acquire data from a number of sources such as social media sites, online polls, cookies, etc., to assess online activities, find new ways to target customers and monetize the data. Such data often includes personal and sensitive personal information, which if compromised or misused can cause immense harm and thereby a threat to privacy. Though privacy has not been clearly defined because of its many forms and versions, it can be said that it is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information about themselves, and thereby express themselves selectively. Privacy as a concept remains important Continue reading

Significance of Social Evaluation of Marketing

Social Evaluation of marketing is an approach that has a long-term impact on an individual.  Marketing plays an important role in a society by influencing life of people. Marketing is much more than advertising and selling.  It plays an important role in meeting the needs of the consumers. The concept of marketing touches life of every individual. It is a medium through which desire of people is satisfied on everyday basis.  The overall concept of marketing concept covers activities like advertising, public relation, promotion, sales, etc. This is a process through which a product or a service is introduced in the market. For the reason it is important to manage the marketing policies. Marketing is a broad concept comprising of activates from procurement of raw material till after sales services. The broad parameter of the marketing strategies helps in organizational design. For the purpose the marketing strategies are developed by Continue reading